Active clinical trials for "Tobacco Use Disorder"

The purpose of this formative study is to provide preliminary data regarding how the availability of menthol flavored e-cigarettes affects tobacco use behavior in the context of a ban on menthol flavored cigarettes

Cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in tobacco use disorder and their relation to smoking abstinence will be measured with MRI" ändern in "Cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in tobacco use disorder

This study plans to investigate whether using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or skin patches containing nicotine affects switching from smoking conventional combustible (burning) cigarettes.

Background: - Nicotine addiction often makes it difficult to stop smoking. Researchers want to understand the areas of the brain that are important in nicotine addiction. They will use a type of brain stimulation called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to look at part of the brain that may be involved in nicotine addiction. They will see how these areas affect brain function, thinking, and decision making. For this study, rTMS will first be tested on nonsmokers, then smokers will be recruited at a later time. Objectives: - To study areas of the brain involved in nicotine addiction. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who do not smoke. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. They will also provide a urine sample. There will be four study sessions. The first session will involve a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The other three visits will involve rTMS and MRI scans. The first MRI scan will take a baseline picture of the brain. Participants will also practice the tasks for the other three sessions in a mock scanner. At the next three visits, participants will have rTMS and MRI scans. Two visits will involve rTMS; the other visit will involve mock rTMS with no actual magnetic stimulation. During the MRI scans, participants will perform tasks that involve decision making.

Background: - Researchers have been studying behavioral components of nicotine addiction by looking at how drugs have a reinforcing effect, connecting the stimulation provided by the drug (nicotine) to the behavior that produces it (smoking). Based on previous studies, researchers are interested in learning more about how nicotine affects current smokers' responses to psychological tests and smoking-related cues, and in studying whether certain kinds of genetic background may affect smokers' responses to these kinds of studies. Objectives: To compare the effect of nicotine versus denicotinized cigarettes during specific psychological tests. To compare the effects of smoking cues versus neutral cues on craving, mood, and autonomic response. To study the effect of genes on nicotine reinforcement and smoking-cue reactivity. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 64 years of age who are current smokers (at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year) and are not currently interested in reducing their smoking or seeking treatment for tobacco dependence. Design: Pilot session: Participants will practice smoking using the measuring equipment that will be used in the study. After successful practice, participants will read or listen to music for 1 hour, during which they are not allowed to smoke. After the 1-hour period, participants will sample study cigarettes that have different levels of nicotine, and will be asked to guess whether the cigarettes are normal study cigarettes or denicotinized cigarettes. Baseline session: Blood, urine, and breath samples will be taken at the start of the session. Participants will smoke part of an initial cigarette, and then will read or listen to music for 1 hour, during which they are not allowed to smoke. After the 1-hour period, participants will give another breath sample and will complete questionnaires about mood and concentration levels. Trial sessions: Participants will smoke study cigarettes, and will be asked to either respond to questions about perceived nicotine levels in the cigarettes or press a lever for the chance to be rewarded with additional puffs of the cigarette. After the session, participants will give another breath sample and will complete questionnaires about mood and concentration levels. Participants will also participate in cue-reactivity sessions to test the body's physiological response to smoking cues (a pack of cigarettes) and neutral cues (a pack of unsharpened pencils). After the session, participants will complete questionnaires on mood and concentration 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the session. At the conclusion of the last experimental session, participants will discuss the study with researchers, and may receive a referral list of smoking treatment programs.

The investigators propose to use positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to determine whether nicotinic receptor availability at pretreatment predicts smoking cessation success. The investigators will recruit 30 smokers from those enrolled in the Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Addiction Treatment clinical trial. The investigators will measure nicotinic receptor availability using the PET radioligand 2-[18F]FA, after overnight abstinence and prior to initiation of treatment.

Background: - Many cigarette smokers claim that smoking improves their ability to think and concentrate, and have reported problems in thinking and concentration after quitting smoking. Some research has indicated that nicotine can enhance certain aspects of attention and memory in humans. However, more research is needed to determine how nicotine affects different elements of the brain s ability to think, pay attention, respond to rewards, and make decisions. Researchers are interested in using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the effects of nicotine on brain function and activity. Objectives: - To determine the effects of nicotine on attentional and other thinking processes, including reward-seeking behavior. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 50 years of age who are either current smokers (10 or more cigarettes per day for at least 1 year) or nonsmokers. Design: The study has four experiments. Each experiment requires two MRI scanning sessions and a training session. Participant can do one or all of the experiments. Participants will receive training on the types of computerized tests that will be given during the active portion of the study. Participants will also fill out questionnaires on nicotine use and other alcohol and drug use, and provide breath and urine samples. During the test sessions, participants will have fMRI scanning while performing up to four different sets of tasks that test attention, memory, concentration, reward-seeking behavior, and decision making. Smokers will wear a nicotine patch or placebo patch during the test sessions, but will not be told which patch they are receiving. The order of these sessions will be different for individual participants. Participants will provide blood and urine samples throughout the research study for evaluation purposes.

Background: Individuals who have schizophrenia are significantly more likely to smoke than the general population, which leads to increased smoking-related illnesses and high rates of nicotine dependence. Research suggests that high rates of smoking and nicotine addiction in people with schizophrenia are related to the fact that nicotine temporally improves performance in several cognitive tasks, including sensory gating, long-term memory, and visual tracking-all of which are affected by schizophrenia. Smoking among schizophrenia patients may be a form of self-medication, since nicotine may temporarily treat and improve cognitive deficits caused by schizophrenia. Researchers are interested in studying the effects of nicotine on the brain activity of individuals with schizophrenia to better understand how nicotine affects the brain regions connected to memory, visual tracking, and attention. Objectives: To identify specific brain regions involved in the anticipatory learning deficits found in schizophrenia patients who smoke. To determine whether and how nicotine enhances performance in these regions. Eligibility: - Smokers (at least 10 cigarettes per day) between 18 and 50 years of age who either are healthy volunteers or have been diagnosed with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. Design: Participants will be asked to avoid consuming alcohol and restrict consuming caffeinated beverages for 24 hours before the study days. Participants will provide urine and breath samples at the start of the study to be tested for chemicals that may interfere with the study. The study will require two to four visits, with two fMRI sessions and other visits for a clinical interview or training. Participants will have a training session with a possible mock MRI scan to learn how to do tasks that track eye movement and measure ability to pay attention. During the fMRI scanning sessions, participants will receive either a nicotine patch or a placebo patch without nicotine. After the patch is in place, participants will perform tasks while receiving MRI scans. The scans will take up to 2 hours. Participants will provide blood samples after finishing the MRI sessions.

Airway macrophage impairment is a central feature in the immunopathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, regardless of smoking status.

This study will evaluate effects of smoking on the dopaminergic system by using PET tomography with new radioligand, [11C]-(+)-PHNO. Our primary hypothesis is that smoking a cigarette will produce dopamine release and this release can be measured using PET imaging and the [11C]-(+)-PHNO radiotracer. The secondary hypothesis is that this smoking induced dopamine release will be correlated with subjective craving and anxiety ratings.