Active clinical trials for "Tobacco Use Disorder"

Background: Multiple social, psychological, and environmental factors contribute to adolescents' use of cigarettes. Environmental smoking cues have been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of nicotine addiction and in relapse to smoking. However, few studies have examined craving and cue-reactivity in adolescent smokers, even though craving appears to contribute to ongoing smoking and relapse in this age group. Another factor central to addiction is the rewarding effect of drugs, or the interaction between the person, the drug, and the environmental setting. However, more research is needed on whether environmental cues lead to increased smoking in adolescents. Objectives: - To determine the effects of smoking versus neutral cues in adolescents who smoke on (1) craving, mood, and autonomic responsivity and (2) the relative reinforcing efficacy of tobacco cigarettes. Eligibility: - Adolescents 12 to 17 years of age who are current smokers (at least five cigarettes per day for the past 6 months). Design: This study will involve three study visits. Participants will be allowed to smoke before all study sessions and will give a breath carbon monoxide (CO) sample before all sessions. Participants must not use any illicit drugs or alcohol 24 hours before sessions. Visit 1 (baseline session): Participants will provide a urine sample and will be familiarized with the study room and session design. Visits 2 and 3: Participants will be connected to physiological recording devices to measure heart rate, perspiration, and other physical responses. After baseline readings, participants will be exposed to smoking cues at one experimental session and to neutral cues at the other experimental session. Before, during, and after cue presentation, participants will complete self-report measures of mood and craving and have physiological measures taken. They will then be re-exposed to smoking or neutral cues and engage in a self-administration procedure to examine the effect of cues on the reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes.

Background: - Central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the primary target for the action of nicotine. In addition to being involved in tobacco dependence, they are also involved in a variety of brain disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Researchers are interested in developing better ways to study the action of nAChRs to improve treatments for smoking cessation and other problems affected by these receptors. These new study methods may involve different radiotracers, which are drugs that can help show brain activity during positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. Objectives: - To evaluate the feasibility of using a radiotracer, 2-[18F]F-A-85380, in PET scanning of the brain. Eligibility: - Healthy volunteers between 21 and 45 years of age who do not use tobacco. Design: Participants will be asked to avoid consuming alcohol or using a number of over-the-counter medications, including antihistamines, cough medicines, and nasal decongestants, for 5 days before the study day. Participants provide urine and breath samples at the start of the study to be tested for chemicals that may interfere with the study. Participants will visit the clinical center the morning of the day before the scanning session to provide blood and urine samples as required. Participants will return and be admitted for an overnight stay later that afternoon or evening. On the day of the study, participants will receive a single dose of the radiotracer 2-[18F]F-A-85380, and will have a series of PET scans over the next 7 hours and provide blood samples during that time. Participants will spend that night at the clinical center and leave on the morning after the end of the study. Participants will return for follow-up visits 2 weeks and 1 month after the end of the study.

RATIONALE: Screening may help doctors find lung cancer sooner, when it may be easier to treat. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying screening methods to see how well they find lung cancer early in current or former smokers.

Background: Self-report and biochemical verification are used to determine smoking status in treatment trials and clinical research. Each method has merits and limitations that make it appropriate for particular situations. Participants who feel social pressure to report tobacco abstinence may provide unreliable self-reporting results. Biochemical verification using breath carbon monoxide (CO) is a more reliable indicator, but several biological and environmental factors (including exposure to secondhand smoke) can affect the sensitivity and specificity of breath CO measurement. An ideal biomarker of smoking status is cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine. Cotinine levels found in blood, urine, and saliva can be used to distinguish between smokers and nonsmokers, as well as between light and heavy smokers. Researchers are interested in using cotinine assessments to develop suitable breath CO cutoff levels to categorize different types of smokers and nonsmokers for use in future research. Objectives: - To determine a breath carbon monoxide (CO) cutoff level that optimally discriminates between heavy and light smokers and nonsmokers who are and who are not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Eligibility: Individuals between 18 and 64 years of age who fall into one of the following groups: current smokers reporting more than 10 cigarettes per day for at least 6 months current smokers reporting 10 or fewer cigarettes per day for at least 6 months nonsmokers reporting regular environmental exposure to tobacco smoke nonsmokers reporting limited or no exposure to tobacco smoke Design: The study will involve a single outpatient session. Participants will provide breath CO, urine, and saliva samples, and will complete several smoking-related questionnaires on smoking history, current craving levels, and perceived level of nicotine dependence.

The purpose of this study is to examine cigarette smokers' use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and how use of e-cigarettes affects short term smoking behavior.

Aim: To identify barriers and facilitators in the uptake of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, tobacco prevention, doctor visits, smoking amongst youth, community held health priorities and barriers to research in Aboriginal Australians from the perspectives of: Aboriginal smokers and ex/non-smokers Aboriginal Healthcare workers Consultants/general practitioners, and Key stakeholders in Aboriginal health Focus groups, one-on-one interviews and surveys will be conducted to provide information at the 'grass-roots' level including examinations into perceived differences in locally held beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, traditional practices and the cultural and social constructs, to assist implementation of future tobacco cessation/prevention interventions and treatment of smoking related illnesses. This information can be used to improve the health of Aboriginal people by identifying inadequacies in current practices and highlighting what these are through the eyes of community members, healthcare workers, consultants/general practitioners and key stakeholders. We also intend on examining any facilitators that are identified as positive and working aspects of current initiatives e.g. community infrastructure, in an effort to not 'reinvent the wheel' and acknowledge what is working.

The purpose of this study is to determine if changing the timeframe (relative to cue presentation) at which the nicotine lozenge is given can attenuate the increase in symptoms of tobacco craving and withdrawal that occur when smokers are presented with smoking cues. In this cross-over study, all subjects attend three laboratory sessions at which either nicotine lozenge or placebo is given prior to presentation of smoking cues or after presentation of smoking cues. The order in which the three conditions will be presented are randomized.

Patients who smoke and suffer from fractures are worse off than those who do not smoke. Orthopaedic patients represent a group that can benefit from physician contributions to smoking cessation, and a special opportunity to cue this can begin with the orthopaedic surgeon in the acute setting. However, the best way to appropriately counsel these patients and assess the impact as a teachable moment remains undetermined.

Project 1, Study 1 will evaluate the relationship between nicotine yield of very low nicotine content cigarettes and cigarettes smoked per day, nicotine exposure, discomfort/dysfunction, other health-related behaviors, nicotine/tobacco dependence, biomarkers of tobacco exposure, intention to quit, compensatory smoking, other tobacco use, cigarette characteristics, cognitive function, cardiovascular function, and perceived risk. We will also consider differences between conditions in compliance with product use.

The objective of the study is to determine the effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on craving for tobacco and brain metabolites.