Active clinical trials for "Nutrition Disorders"

This study examines the effects of prosthetic treatment options applied to edentulous geriatric individuals who applied to Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry on chewing function, food consumption status, malnutrition status and oral health-related quality of life.

Dietary assessment is a key component of the dietetic care process. Assessments usually take place within dietetic consultations using methods such as 24-hour recall and paper food diaries. This study will examine the feasibility of using an online dietary assessment tool, myfood24 as an alternative to current dietary assessment practices and explore the barriers and facilitators to its use within dietetic clinical practice. This will be a mixed method study using questionnaires and semi structures interviews with both dietitians and patients. Dietitians, and patients with a range of clinical conditions referred to an NHS Dietetic Service, will be recruited. Patients will be asked to trial the system to record their food intake prior to their dietetic appointment. This data will then be used for the dietary assessment within the consultation. Following this, patients and dietitians will be interviewed about their experiences. Quantitative data will be statistically analysed, and thematic analysis will be used to analyse qualitative data.

Introduction Sarcopenia is defined as progressive generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. Sarcopenia due to lack of physical activity is a known phenomenon and is usually observed as a normal part of aging or in certain diseases and pathogenic processes. Major associated factors causing development of sarcopenia may be summarized as interactions of environmental and hormonal factors, underlying diseases, activation of inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced satellite cell numbers, and loss of neuromuscular junctions. Intensive care acquired weakness (ICU-AW) known formerly as critical illness polyneuropathy, is a diagnosis that becomes more common as survival rates from long ICU hospitalization are more prevalent. It is characterized by a primary axonal degeneration, without demyelination, that typically affects motor nerves more than sensory nerves. ICU-AW affects the limbs (particularly the lower extremities) in a symmetric pattern. Weakness is most notable in proximal neuromuscular areas (e.g., the shoulders and hip girdle). In addition, involvement of the respiratory muscles can occur and can impede weaning from mechanical ventilation. The pathophysiological mechanisms of ICU-acquired weakness are believed to be multifactorial. Some suspected factors include dysfunctional microcirculation and hyperglycemia. It has been shown that tight glucose control in ICU patients reduces the risk for ICU-AW (although it has been associated with other adverse events). Sodium channels channelopathy is also a researched cause for ICU-AW. Muscle loss in the ICU are usually related to bedridden condition and lack of mobility, increase in ubiquitination and inadequate protein administration associated with large negative nitrogen balance. In addition mechanical ventilation contributes greatly to this problem. This has been particularly relevant in post trauma/surgical long stayer patients. In the past years great progress was made in the investigation of protein balance, breakdown and synthesis using stable isotope tracers in various medical conditions. In a research performed in PICU (1-5) and ICU (6, 7) regarding the measurement of plasma amino acid during critical illness, stable phenylalanine, tyrosine leucine, arginine and citrulline isotope were used intravenously without any safety issue problem. Another study was performed on adults suffering from COPD with matched healthy adults, using stable isotopes of phenylalanine, tyrosine leucine, isoleucine and valine (8). During the study the isotopes were given parenterally as well as enterally. The study showed significant change in splanchnic extraction of various amino acids and higher turnover of BCAA in COPD patients. Using the theory that supplemental milk can compensate for the elevated turnover of BCAA in COPD patients, using the isotope analysis demonstrated that this theory was proven wrong and the conclusion was that alterations are present in BCAA metabolism despite normal plasma levels in normal weight COPD. Further research is needed to find a way to compensate for it. These studies and other recent studies (9-19) show us the safety regarding the use of stable isotope tracers whether IV or PO, while giving us the opportunity to assess the metabolism of amino acid in all sorts of pathological states. Hypothesis & Aim of the study We think that based on current literature, there are important differences between critically ill patients and healthy population in the amino acid profile and distribution in the body as well as synthesis and breakdown. The aim of the study is to measure these differences in long ICU stayers (above 7 days) admitted in the ICU after surgical/trauma injury, and to try and help aiming future treatment and research in this field.

A cluster randomized controlled trial was chosen to exploit the robustness of this design to help ascertain the efficacy of the BCC intervention compared to the routine dietary practice. This protocol was developed according to the guidelines of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement extension for cluster randomized trials. The present study is aims to evaluate the effect of improving micronutrient intake through behavior change communication intervention on nutritional status and academic performance of school age children. Moreover, it may help to prevent or mitigate malnutrition. However to the best knowledge of the authors, BCC intervention using posters, and lecture for school teachers and students have not yet been empirically tested generally in Ethiopia, specifically in the study area context. The present intervention is unique in combining the use of conventional BCC intervention tools, that is, lecture and posters as reminder for intervention reinforcement.

Food intake pattern and lifestyle are associated with the nutritional status and intestinal microbiota composition, and such factors are important for the proper growth and development during early childhood, as well as for the health throughout life. This cross-sectional and multicenter study will include a total of 200 children aged between 1-3 years, enrolled in early childhood public schools from different regions of Brazil (Santo André, Uberaba, Porto Alegre and Natal). Data on birth and gestational history will be collected in a form. Nutritional status will be assessed by determining the weight and height, with subsequent calculations and classification of nutritional indices. A single blood sample will be collected to investigate the blood levels of vitamins A and D, iron, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and zinc, and feces will be collected for intestinal microbiota analysis. Food intake will be assessed by direct weighing of food in 2 non-consecutive days. Considering the importance of a well-balanced diet and its effects on the child's growth, development and intestinal colonization, this study purpose is to investigate potential associations among food intake, nutritional status and intestinal microbiota of early childhood infants from four regions of Brazil.

The ACTION (Awareness, Care, and Treatment In Obesity management) study aims to identify perceptions, attitudes, behaviours, and potential barriers to effective obesity care across three respondent types: 1) People with Obesity, 2) Healthcare Providers and 3) Employer Representatives in the US. Data is collected via online surveys using a cross-sectional, US-based stratified sample design.

The aim of this study is to investigate those nutritional problems contributing to loss of lean body mass in lung and pancreas cancer patients in chemotherapy. Furthermore to investigate alterations in taste and how they correlates with changes in following factors: nutritional intake, physical activity, appetite, food preferences, side effects, fatique and meal perception.

The purpose of this study is to determine the functional significance of sweet taste receptors in the secretion of GI satiety peptides by using a specific sweet taste receptor antagonist to block sweet taste perception in the gut.

Nutritional deficiency disease is a disease caused by nutritional deficiencies, including macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrient diseases are diseases caused by deficiency of protein, fat and carbohydrates. This deficiency will usually show clinical symptoms that directly affect nutritional status. This study aims to study and examine mineral intake, dietary patterns of research subjects, mineral and enzyme levels, and soil condition data. The number of research subjects to be taken was 180 subjects with 90 research subjects coming from mothers who had healthy children and 90 research subjects came from mothers who had stunted children or other nutritional disorders. The research stage will run after going through the inclusion of research subjects, namely mothers who have healthy children and mothers who have nutritionally deficient children, aged 20-40 years. The research stage consisted of two stages. The statistical analysis used is to use the ANOVA test, which will then compile a manuscript.

The aim of the study primarily was to investigate the value of zinc to copper ratio as possible biomarker of trace elements imbalance in morbidly obese subjects undergoing LSG. Secondly to correlate zinc to copper ratio with lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) with respect to Anthropometric measurements and other metabolic biomarkers. Prospective study will be carried out on 120 morbidly obese adult subjects with a body mass index (BMI) score above 40 along with presence of obesity-related comorbidity. Investigations will be measured preoperative and 9 months postoperative after performing Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; for Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. As well as for complete blood count and biochemical biomarkers as fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, serum iron and ferritin. Serum Ceruloplasmin, Zn and Cu levels, followed by calculation of zinc to copper ratio. CRP, serum insulin, serum leptin and lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) will be determined.