Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

More children will survive to adulthood today than at any other point in human history, as evidenced by the proportion of live births and absolute numbers. The present generation of young people who have lived to the age of five will reach adulthood around 2030 and will be the generation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These children's health and nutrition as they grow from 5 to 19 years will have permanent ramifications on the development of the coming generation. The Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey was conducted between 2016 and 2018, indicating unacceptably high levels of malnutrition among Indian children and adolescents. It was discovered that one out of every five children aged 5 to 9 was stunted, indicating they were malnourished for their age. Undernourished girls are more likely to become short-statured mothers, giving birth to low-birth-weight and stunted newborns who are more prone to disease and linear growth failure. Evidence suggests that maternal short stature (less than 150 cm) predicts childhood growth failure and increases the risk of having a stunted baby by two years. The common genetic background and environmental influences that affect the mother during her early childhood and adolescence play a substantial role in the relationship between maternal stature and the linear growth of the child. This causes a cycle of undernutrition and poor growth that continues through generations and impacts the offspring's growth. Adolescence is a key period of physical and social development when the physiological, mental, and behavioural underpinnings of long-term health are established. The development of critical bone mass is crucial during this time because it lays the foundation for preserving bone mineral integrity later in life. During adolescence, over 40% of peak bone mass is achieved. Changes in body composition are also seen during early adolescence. These physiological processes are both nutritionally sensitive and predictive of their future health. Adolescent behaviour is also linked to 33 percent of sickness and 60 percent of premature deaths in adulthood. Because adolescence is also a critical period for the development of the ability to make independent decisions, follow them through, and achieve goals- enabling healthy social networks, is critical. This includes Social and Behavioural Change Communications, which can assist early adolescents create lifetime behaviour patterns, such as good nutrition and physical exercise choices. Investing in adolescent health and well-being pays off in three ways: during their adolescence, in their adulthood, and for their future offspring generations. Thus, young adolescence provides a "window of opportunity" for children to improve their nutritional health and outcomes. Therefore, this cohort aims to explore the trajectories of growth (including anthropometric measures, bone mass, and muscle mass and function) among rural young adolescents and its association with intergenerational nutritional status through a longitudinal study. A greater understanding of growth trajectories set in a longitudinal study would aid in the discovery of particular variables that influence the timing of young adolescents' growth and the factors associated with intergenerational nutritional status.

Vitamin B12 (B12, Cobalamin) is an essential micronutrient that humans are not capable of synthesizing and therefore must be ingested through food. In nature, B12 is basically only present in foods of animal origin. B12 deficiency is a clinically important condition that is associated with several metabolic disorders such as megaloblastic anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological disorders. Therefore an optimal intake of B12 is important. B12 deficiency occurs when B12 stores are depleted due to inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption of B12. Because B12 is only present in foods of animal origin, following an unbalanced vegetarian diet is associated with increased risk of developing nutritional deficiencies due to the exclusion of meat and fish from their diet, including vitamin B12 deficiency. There are a variety of forms of vitamin B12 used in vitamin B12 supplements. All these forms share the structure of Cobalamin but contain different ligands. Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) is a synthetic, stable, and inexpensive form widely used in B12 supplements. MethylCobalamin (MeCbl) is a physiological form of cobalamin, called metabolically active form of vitamin B12. Interest in substituting CNCbl form with the physiological form MCbl has recently increased, assuming that it will be more effective. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of Methylcobalamin consumption, compared to Cyanocobalamin consumption, on the nutritional status of vitamin B12 in a vegetarian population with marginal vitamin B12 deficiency. The secondary objectives of the study are to evaluate the effects of Methylcobalamin consumption, compared to Cyanocobalamin consumption, on markers of vitamin B12 deficiency: Holotranscobalamin, Methylmalonic acid, Homocysteine and 4cB12. During the study there will be 8 visits: a preselection visit (V0; day -7) and 7 study visits during the consumption of the treatments, which will take place on the first day of the study (V1; day 1), after 8 days of treatment (V2; day 8), at 15 days of treatment (V3; day 15), at 29 days of treatment (V4; day 29), at 43 days of treatment (V5; day 43), at 64 days of treatment (V6; day 64), and at 85 days of treatment (V7; day 85).

Early life nutrition is the key modifiable determinant of child growth, development, survival and diseases of adult onset. Pakistan ranks highest for neonatal mortality rate (44.2/1000 live births (LBs)) globally. One third of under-five deaths (74.9/1000 LBs) are attributable to high prevalence of stunting (38%), underweight (23%) and wasting (7%), greatly related to feeding practices. Given the low prevalence of exclusively breast fed (EBF) (48%) and use of minimum acceptable diet (13%), mitigation of early life nutritional risk through promotion of EBF and Young Child Feeding Practices (YCFP) provides a critical window of opportunity for intervention. Secondary Care Hospitals (SCH) of the Aga Khan Health Services Pakistan provide essential maternal and child health services for low-middle income population. Babies born at these SCHs are followed up for vaccination, growth-monitoring and other services at the closely affiliated Family Health Centers (FHCs) run by Lady Health Visitors (LHVs). We aim to examine the effectiveness of a locally designed m-Health application for empowering mothers for child nutritional care as a potentially sustainable approach. The first six months of formative research would identify perceptions, barriers and facilitators for EBF and YCFP using self-determination behavioral theory, among multi-parous pregnant mothers enrolled at three SCHs of Karachi. A randomization trial would be conducted during next 18 months among near-term pregnant women who have access to smart-phones. A culturally appropriate mhealth application called first diet would be developed to provide personalized push messages delivered weekly by the LHVs. Non-intervention group will receive face-face nutritional counselling by the research staff at FHC following routine vaccination and growth-monitoring schedule. Mothers would followed-up from one month prior to expected delivery to child's first birthday. We expect 20% improvement in rates of EBF and YCFP with m-Health intervention. If proven effective, m-health would be incorporated in routine child care provision by LHVs.

This project includes a pilot cluster-randomized trial of the efficacy of training caregivers to screen for acute malnutrition (AM) in children aged 6-59 months using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in Burkina Faso. The pilot will be conducted to establish the feasibility of procedures and preliminary outcome data to inform the sample size calculations and design of a future longer-term, fully powered cluster-randomized trial. Forty communities enrolled in the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-funded Child Health with Azithromycin Treatment (CHAT) trial will be randomly selected for this pilot and randomized to receive the caregiver training intervention or no additional intervention. All communities will continue to receive standard of care screening for AM according to national guidelines, which includes community-based screening for AM by community health workers using MUAC every 6 months. A baseline census will be conducted before randomization to enumerate the eligible population of caregivers and children 6-59 months old and measure MUAC. A final census with MUAC measurement will be conducted 6 months later (primary outcome). Data will be collected on all children presenting to the Centre de Santé et Promotion Sociale (CSPS) for malnutrition to track secondary outcomes. During intervention training, we will also conduct a diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate the validity of caregiver screening by comparing the MUAC measurements of caregivers against the gold standard measurement of the experienced health personnel conducting the training. Also during training, intervention communities will be randomized to one of two training approaches: training by caregivers or training by health agents and adherence to the protocol during follow-up monitoring visits will be compared to determine effectiveness of training.

Maternal undernutrition is a global public health problem with far-reaching effects for both mothers and infants. Poor maternal nutrition negatively affects fetal growth and development. Both micro and macro-nutrients are required for the physiological changes and increased metabolic demands during pregnancy, including fetal growth and development. Women in Bangladesh have poor diets and are struggling to meet their nutrient requirements, especially during pregnancy and lactation when requirements are higher. Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy is associated with a range of adverse birth outcomes, including stillbirths, preterm births, low birthweight, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates, all of which remain unacceptably high in Bangladesh. Social protection provides a promising platform on which to leverage improvements in nutrition at scale, but current evidence on the impacts of social protection on birth outcomes is limited: few studies have been conducted and some of these studies suffer from methodological limitations. The planned study will contribute to filling this knowledge gap. An additional motivation for the study is provided by the recent WHO 2016 Antenatal Care Guidelines. The guidelines call for studies on the effectiveness of alternatives to providing energy and protein supplements to pregnant women (which is recommended in undernourished populations). Studying the effectiveness of providing combinations of food and cash will help build this evidence base. A third reason to conduct the study is that both food transfers and cash transfers are commonly used policy instruments in Bangladesh, and the choice of intervention components to scale up in the CBP will be guided by the findings from this pilot study. The study findings will thus be highly policy relevant. A three-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked, community-based, longitudinal trial will be used. Groups of pregnant women will be randomly assigned to one of three study arms providing different combinations of cash and food transfers.

Protocols for the community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) have not changed significantly for more than 20 years, with relatively complex treatment protocols and persistent supply chain challenges that have limited overall program coverage, leaving millions of malnourished children without care annually. The overarching goal of this research project is to simultaneously test two novel simplified approaches in CMAM with potential to improve program coverage. The simplified approach includes two parallel clinical trials for SAM and MAM treatment. For the Family MUAC follow-up study, children who recover from these two parallel clinical trials will be enrolled in trial to test the effectiveness of MUAC screening at home by the child's caregivers as a self-referral strategy, compared to a scheduled health facility-led strategy and the standard of care of community-based follow-up visits.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disease that is caused by intolerance to gluten in the diet. The mainstay of treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD). Children with CD on the GFD often have low micronutrient intakes (e.g. folate, iron) and high intakes of sugar and fat. Current Canadian nutrition guideline does not address these nutritional limitations. The investigation team developed a novel GF-food guide (GFFG). This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the impact of GFFG on diet quality and adherence to the GFD in newly diagnosed children and youth with celiac disease in the clinical setting. The investigators will compare dietary counselling using the GFFG versus the standard of care in children newly diagnosed with CD and their parents to see if participant care outcomes (diet quality, nutrition literacy, adherence to the GFD) improved over six months.

Malnutrition is common in patients with lung cancer. In patients with malnutrition risk, the risk of complications is high both in the perioperative, early and late postoperative periods. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for length of hospital stay and cost in these patients. Patients with lung cancer may have many morbidities in postoperative period, especially problems with wound healing. Therefore, assessment of the nutritional status of patients with lung cancer should begin at the diagnosis stage.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the main malnutrition risk assessment tools in patients undergoing operations of general surgery.

Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is a frequent syndrome in clinical practice, in which the mutual relationship between disease and malnutrition is observed. Inflammation, anorexia, changes in body composition or in energy and protein requirements, contribute to the development of DRM. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM criteria) provides a diagnostic system of malnutrition that has been accepted by the main international scientific societies in the field of clinical nutrition. The GLIM criteria proposes an algorithm that includes phenotypic criteria (weight loss, underweight and low muscle mass), with their corresponding severity thresholds, and aetiological criteria (decreased oral intake, nutrient malabsorption and the presence of an inflammatory component). The diagnosis of malnutrition is established when an aetiological and a phenotypic criterion are met. The aim of the study is to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of aetiological factors of malnutrition based on GLIM criteria, presence and degree of inflammation and dietary intake, in patients diagnosed with DRM.