Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

Bioavailability of iron and zinc from habitual plant-based diets consumed by young children in Mexico is low due to the high phytate content. Whey protein has been found to increase zinc absorption, thus, providing a whey based supplement with micronutrients may be an effective strategy to increase iron and zinc bioavailability from plant-based foods and alleviate iron and zinc deficiencies. The investigators compared absorption of zinc and iron in children receiving diets with and without whey protein supplements (WPS).

SAM defined by having weight-for-height (WH) less than - 3 Z score or bi-pedal nutritional edema is an important cause of death in children globally including Bangladesh. The death rate among children hospitalized for SAM is still high. Severe malnutrition in children can be successfully treated by using WHO guidelines with or without minor modification. Since the Community Based Therapeutic Care (CTC)/CMAM approach was developed, the use of RUTF for the treatment of children with SAM has gained ground, and huge amounts of RUTF are used particularly in African countries. RUTFs are an energy-dense lipid paste enriched with vitamins and minerals. The typical composition (ingredient % of weight) of RUTF is whole milk powder 30%; sugar 28%; vegetable oil 15.4%; peanut paste 25%; and mineral vitamin mix 1.6%. Although the CTC model promises treatment of SAM at a considerably lower cost than the previous inpatient model, the cost of RUTF is still considered a significant barrier to universal roll-out of SAM treatment and has made CTC implementation too expensive in many high-need countries. The single most expensive raw ingredient in RUTF is milk powder, contributing around 50% of raw ingredient cost or between 30-35% of the total cost of the final product. Isolated soy protein has a cost per kg protein that normally is below that of skim or whole milk powder, and can thus reduce the total cost of RUTF. In addition, isolated soy protein (ISP) is a high quality, complete protein that meets the daily protein requirements of growing children and adults. ISP is a highly digestible protein [FAO/WHO, 1991] with an amino acid profile that has been shown to achieve a Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of 1.00, comparable to milk and eggs, and has been shown to maintain nitrogen balance when fed as the sole protein source at minimum recommended intake levels. To compare the efficacy (weight gain, rate of weight gain and change of lean body mass) of the standard RUTF and an RUTF made from ISP (Soy-RUTF) through a randomized double masked intervention trial 300 SAM children aged 6 to 59 months after completion of their stabilization phase from the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b Bangladesh will be studied. They will randomly receive standard- or Soy-RUTF as take home and followed up (weekly until achieving -2 WHZ, and thereafter fortnightly until achieving -1 WHZ) at the nutrition follow up unit at the outpatient department of this Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b.

The aim of this operational research is to compare the cost-effectiveness of two methods for capacity building of existing TBAs/CVs to improve rates of delayed cord clamping, early skin to skin contact and infant-led initiation of breastfeeding, to reduce prelacteal feeding and increase early exclusive breastfeeding in research areas of rural Bangladesh.

In Ghana, low micronutrient intakes among pregnant women are a major problem. The standard nutritional intervention during pregnancy is iron-folic acid tablets, but adherence is low. The investigators have pioneered the use of multiple micronutrient-fortified semi-solid pastes called Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) (made using vegetable oil, groundnut, milk, sugar, and micronutrients), and the investigators' previous studies show that the approach could have great potential for use by pregnant and lactating women. This study aims to evaluate the effects of LNS-P&L designed for pregnant and lactating women and LNS-20gM designed for infants. Pregnant women (n=864) randomly selected from ante-natal clinics in Yilo and Manya Krobo districts of Ghana will be randomized to receive daily (a) Group 1: Iron/ Folic Acid tablets during pregnancy, and a tablet containing calcium (Ca) only (akin to a placebo) during lactation (6 mo), (b) Group 2: Multiple Micronutrient tablets during pregnancy and the first six months of lactation, or (c) Group 3: LNS-P&L during pregnancy and lactation, whilst their infants receive LNS-20gM daily from 6 to 18 months. There are two primary outcomes namely: Maternal primary outcome: Birth length Child primary outcome: Child length-for-age z-score at 18 mo. The investigators hypothesize that a) mean birth length and length-for-age at 18 mo will be greater in children whose mothers are in Group 2 than those whose mothers are in Group 1, and b) children whose mothers are in Group 3 will have greater birth length and length-for-age at 18 mo than the children in either of the other two groups.

Supplementary feeding and intensive IEC at the community level will effectively reduce moderate PEM compared to the control children within 3 months . Intensive nutrition education at the household level will reduce by at least one third of the prevalence of moderate malnutrition (40% of present level) within a short period of 3 months

It is the purpose of this trial to provide evidence for safety and efficacy of long term home parenteral nutrition with either Lipofundin MCT or Lipoplus in patients with proven insufficient enteral resorption.

RATIONALE: Gathering information about patients with cancer and cancer-related conditions may help doctors learn more about a patient's needs and help doctors plan the best treatment. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying how well a whole-person-care guide works in identifying patient needs in patients with cancer or complications from cancer treatment.

Improved methods of community/home management and follow-up of severely undernourished children need to be developed in low-income countries like Bangladesh. The proposed study will be conducted at ICDDR,B Hospital and in different urban primary health care centres within Dhaka city. The efficacy of four different interventions will be evaluated/compared with control with respect to the rate of completion of clinical follow-up and growth, morbidity, and changes in psychomotor development in 500 children aged 6-24 months presenting to ICDDR,B with initial weight-for-age (WA) <-3 Z score. The interventions are: Usual follow-up (fortnightly for 1st 3 months) service at the hospital nutrition follow-up unit (HNFU) including growth monitoring and promotion + health education + micronutrient supplementation and treatment of intercurrent illness (current standard practice; control group). All management like control group, but follow up at community-based nutrition follow-up unit (CNFU) (fortnightly for 1st 3 months) (intervention A). All management like intervention A at CNFU + supplementary food (SF) for the first 3 months (intervention B). All management like intervention A at CNFU + psychosocial stimulation (PS) for the first 3 months (intervention C). All management like intervention A at CNFU + SF + PS for the first 3 months (intervention D). After the initial three months intervention period, children in all groups will be followed on fortnightly basis for next three months in their respective follow up unit. Follow-up rate, nutritional status, mental and psychomotor development, behavior, morbidities (including intestinal permeability in a sub-sample) of the children, and child rearing practices, depression and self esteem of mothers will be assessed in different groups. By ascertaining the most cost-effective/best management package, and by extending the package to other systems in the country, it will be possible to rehabilitate a greater number of severely malnourished children in their communities.

The purpose of this study is to compare the single-dose oral bioavailability of oxcarbazepine 300 mg/5mL oral suspension of OHM Laboratories, USA (a subsidiary of Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc.) with Trileptal® 300 mg/5mL oral suspension (containing oxcarbazepine 300 mg/5mL) of Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, USA in healthy, adult, male, human subjects under fed conditions.

RATIONALE: Telephone counseling by a nutritionist and a personal trainer may improve physical function and quality of life in patients who have early-stage breast cancer or prostate cancer. PURPOSE: Randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of a home-based, diet and exercise-based counseling program with that of a standard home-based counseling program in promoting health in patients who have early-stage breast cancer or prostate cancer.