Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

This study hypothesizes that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids (OM3) can increase physical activity, inhibit rapid gain in body weight and BMI in both sedentary and normally active 8 year old children. The purpose is secondarily to explore patterns of associations between OM3 supplementation, baseline and follow-up levels in all studied parameters. The study also aims to study if basal levels of OM3 are correlated with physical activity and to study if there is an association between basal levels of OM3 and the effect of OM3 supplementation on physical activity. To study if there is an effect of OM3 supplementation on triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels and to study if there are more pronounced effects on children with higher levels. To study if OM3 supplementation, compared with placebo reduce weight increase among children at risk to become overweight. To study if there is an association between effects of OM3 on physical activity, weight and risk markers in blood. To study if there are any gender differences.

The prevalence of morbid obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2) is increasing rapidly in the UK, but the investigators lack a coherent strategy for detailed assessment and treatment of the individuals affected, who are at high risk of morbidity and early mortality. The investigators already know that more than 1 in 20 severely-obese individuals have a simple genetic cause of their obesity (usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and certain surgeries can result in the remission of type 2 diabetes. However, some patient fail to achieve the weight loss or experience complications and re-operations. The investigators are unable to predict the outcomes of bariatric surgery particularly in relation to type 2 diabetes remission which is crucial for the assessment of risk to benefit balance before wider future applications of the surgery. The investigators want to investigate the mechanism underlying Type 2 diabetes remission after bariatric surgery by A) examining the effect of Mendelian forms of obesity and diabetes on T2D remission, B) studying changes in expression profiling patterns in insulin-responsive tissues, C) identifying of eQTLs, and of other genetic variations affecting T2D remission and D) studying the role of epigenetic variation in T2D remission.

Study Title: Diogenes, A randomised controlled trial comparing the effect of reduced-fat diets varying in glycaemic index (high vs. low) and protein content (high vs. normal) on bodyweight in overweight and obese subjects after an initial weight loss.

Randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial of fish oil to decrease inflammation in pregnancy.

Puberty represents a critical period in terms of metabolic health. Racial differences in insulin dynamics, reproductive maturation, and the associated endocrine changes may affect a female's health later in life. Further, the peripubertal period is likely the period of racial divergence in adiposity noted between European American (EA) and African American (AA) girls. Diet is a major modifiable risk factor. The identification of simple, cost-effective dietary strategies for prevention and management of metabolic disease and excess fat mass accrual during the peripubertal period is a priority. Modification of the diet to affect metabolic and endocrine outcomes with and without weight loss during the pubertal transition represents a novel approach to the pediatric obesity epidemic. It is likely that the two diets used in this project will have different metabolic effects, including effects on postprandial glycemia, triglyceride concentration, free fatty acid concentration, and satiety. These factors may in turn, affect development of metabolic perturbations, especially in susceptible individuals (e.g. AA peripubertal girls).The role of carbohydrates on metabolic outcomes, particularly among children, has received little attention. It has been hypothesized that higher postprandial glycemia may be a mechanism for disease progression. Development of a diet that reduces insulin secretion and optimizes metabolic-endocrine health among peripubertal girls will likely reduce obesity and related co-morbidities and future reliance on pharmacologic treatments, even in the absence of weight loss. However, in light of the current trends in pediatric obesity, a safe and effective regimen that also promotes weight loss is needed for the pediatric population. This proposal is significant in that it will shed light on whether diet composition, as a part of a eucaloric (weight-stable) or hypocaloric diet (weight-loss) can influence the hyperinsulinemic characteristic of AA peripubertal girls. Existing data suggest that elevated concentrations of insulin and/or reproductive hormones may contribute to the fat mass accrual in AA and could elevate risks for development of chronic diseases in adulthood. The results of this study will lead to the development of dietary means for the reduction of insulin, and thereby to the prevention of both pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes.

The investigators are conducting an intervention study to examine the effects of a 16-week exercise and diet interventions on prevention of disease, specifically type 2 diabetes and heart disease, in African American youth. Sixty overweight African American boys and girls will be recruited and placed in one of the following intervention groups: 1) Control Group (delayed intervention), 2) Dietary Education Group (nutrition education focused on reducing sugar & soda, increased fiber & whole grain intake), or 3) Combination of Strength Training (twice/week for 60 min, progressive increases in exercise volume and intensity) + Dietary Education (nutrition education focused on reducing sugar & soda, increased fiber & whole grain intake). The investigators will assess which intervention group has the most effects on health parameters such as weight, body composition, and insulin related measures.

Studies of the human gut microbiome have suggested that treatment or prevention aimed at the obese microbiome could influence the development of obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The objective of this project is to explore if a dietary intervention in 60 obese women with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei F19 or flax seed fibres targeting the gut microbiome, can reduce insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation or dyslipidaemia, and to explore the interaction between the human genome and the gut microbiome. The study is based on the following hypotheses: Treatment with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei F19 and flax seed fibres will lower the metabolic risk profile in the intervention groups compared with placebo. The effect on the metabolic risk markers can be correlated with changes in the gut microbiota (measured in faeces). After completion of the dietary intervention, the participants are offered a 10-week weight reduction program. Those who participate in the weight-loss program are invited to an optional follow-up visit in connection with the last visit at the clinical dietician, for the purpose of exploring the effect of weight loss on the gut microbiota and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances.

Randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of reducing television, videotape and video game use to prevent obesity, increase physical activity, improve physical fitness, and decrease dietary fat and calorie intake among third grade children in twelve ethnically-diverse elementary schools.

To develop and evaluate, in a randomized controlled trial, a comprehensive obesity prevention program for third, fourth and fifth grade students. The intervention includes activities in THE SCHOOL, THE HOME, and a clinically oriented component for HIGH-RISK CHILDREN. In addition, the intervention will be delivered over a 3 year period, with age and grade-appropriate components for 3rd, 4th and 5th graders and their families. The primary outcome is body mass index. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To significantly reduce body mass index, compared to controls, at the end of the three year intervention.

Chronic subaccute inflammation may underlie the development of diabetes cardiovascular disease and other components of the metabolic syndrome. Rodent studies suggest diet induced obesity is associated with activation of the IKK/NF-kB pathway and this pathway can be inhibited by salicylates. This study seeks to determine the effect of salicylates in overweight persons.