Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

It is known that the incidence of obesity, which is a global health problem, is higher in women. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of obesity awareness with physical activity level and sedentary behavior in obese women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity on changes in microvascular reactivity and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) during general anesthesia using near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with vascular occlusion tests (VOT). For this prospective observation investigation, a total of 128 patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia at Pusan National University Hospital between June 2018 and February 2021 were participated in this study. Baseline StO2 on thenar eminence, hemodynamics, and laboratory profile were monitored before (Tpre) and 30 min after general anesthesia (Tpost). During vascular occlusion tests (VOT), the occlusion slope representing oxygen consumption of muscle and recovery slope representing microvascular reactivity were also collected at Tpre and Tpost. For analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) and normal weight (BMI < 25).

The primary objective of the present study will be to evaluate, in obese patients, the blood flow response in the femoral artery in response to passive limb movements, taken as a biomarker of a possible limitation of the peripheral vascular-endothelial-microvascular function. The values will be compared with those obtained in normal subjects, in patients with cardiovascular (Gilford & Richardson 2017) or respiratory diseases (Ives et al. 2020), and in healthy subjects subjected to bed rest (Zuccarelli et al. 2020). The data of the recruited obese patients will be obtained at the beginning and the end of the standard rehabilitation period (including calorie reduction interventions, physical exercise, and psychological counseling) conducted over 3 weeks at the Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy. A secondary objective will be to evaluate any changes following the rehabilitation program on the patients' endothelial-peripheral-vascular-microvascular function. The data obtained will also be evaluated in comparison with hematochemical and molecular indices for evaluating the endothelial function, as well as with standard parameters for the overall functional evaluation of the oxidative function and the ability to sustain exercise ("peak" O2 consumption during exercise, thresholds anaerobic diseases.

In this study, bone remodeling in the gingival crevicular fluid was evaluated biochemically during canine distalization in obese individuals and compared with normal weight individuals. At the same time, the speed of tooth movement was measured in obese individuals and compared with normal weight individuals.

Childhood obesity has been associated with increased risk of both continued excess body weight, development of non-communicable lifestyle diseases and impaired mental health. Approximately 800 children with obesity were treated with a municipality based family-centered lifestyle intervention in the time period 2010-2020. In the same time period, approximately 2000 children with obesity who did not receive any treatment have been identified. Our aim is to investigate the efficiency of the two interventions and compare those to children not receiving any treatment. We will use data from both the clinical visits at the municipality health care workers and data from Statistics Denmark.

Visfatin is an adipokine that plays an important role in immune functions as a growth factor, enzyme, and proinflammatory mediator. The investigators aimed to determine the levels of visfatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in both obese/non-obese patients, with/without generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP). Patients were categorized as obese (O) (n=31) or non-obese (nO) (n=19). Groups were divided into four subgroups according to periodontal conditions: (1) periodontally healthy without obesity (nO-Ctrl); (2) GCP without obesity (nO-CP); (3) periodontally healthy with obesity (O-Ctrl); and (4) GCP with obesity (O-CP). Demographic variables and anthropometric and laboratory data were recorded. Periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline and 3rd months after either non-surgical periodontal treatment or calorie restricted diet therapy. At the same time GCF samples were taken from patients to analyze TNF-alpha, IL-6, and visfatin levels.

School-based interventions have shown mixed results. Most studies have lacked enough statistical power and have been carried out in North America and Europe. The Juntos Santiago is a cluster-randomized trial based on a gamification strategy conducted in Santiago de Chile. The trial uses elements of a game such as points, levels and rewards along with a strong community participation component. Children voted their enrollment and collectively chose the rewards (two per year, one activity and another structural) they are playing for. The intervention consists of a healthy snacks challenge, a steps challenge and an activity challenge. The primary outcome is change in z-BMI and waist circumference.

The prevalence of obesity is growing in elderly with heavy consequences in term of medical complications and mortality, so that this is nowadays an important public health issue. The major therapeutic solution is dietary restrictions, but and the advantages and the metabolic consequences are not well known in elderly. The MONA study main aim is to assess the metabolic changes in this population, after dietary restrictions, compared to young people.

Obesity is a common problem in the Veteran population as at least 1 in 3 Veterans are obese. When obese people eat food they have less response in areas of the brain that sense pleasure (reward). Decreased pleasure response to food predicts future weight gain. It is not known if this poor brain response is reversible or why obese people's brains respond this way. Insulin in the brain regulates the brain's sensing of pleasure. As people gain weight the function of insulin becomes impaired. The investigators will study if impaired function of insulin is related to a poor brain response to food and if this brain response predicts voluntary intake of food and response to a diet. The investigators will also study if improving the function of insulin with weight loss improves the brain response. These studies will improve the understanding as to why weight loss is difficult and inform us if improving insulin signaling is a potential way to treat obesity.

The study is designed to assess habituation of behavioral responding for food as risk factors for increases in Standardized Body Mass Index (zBMI) over two years in non-overweight children.