Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

Stress can lead to obesity via inappropriate eating. In addition, obesity is a major stress factor. Furthermore, stressed people are also those who have the greatest difficulties to lose weight. The relationships between obesity and stress are biological via the action of stress on the major hormones regulating appetite (leptin, ghrelin). International recommendation proposals suggest to implement stress management programs in obesity for a sustainable weight loss. Moreover, stress and obesity are two public health issues. Among the multiple physical and psychological consequences of stress and obesity, increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity seem the main concern. Many spa resorts are specialized in the treatment of obesity in France but actually no thermal spa proposes a specific program to manage stress in obesity. The main hypothesis is that a thermal spa residential program (21 days) of stress management in obesity will exhibit its efficacy through objective measures of well-being and cardiovascular morbidity.

Obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and mortality. Obesity is a major health problem in the United States, especially in the Deep South regions. Obesity increases the risk for T2DM, the occurrence of hypertension, and mortality; but the efficacy of long-term weight loss medications has been disappointing. There are three options available for patients who want to lose weight: lifestyle modification, pills, or weight loss by bariatric surgery. When we compare the three options available, bariatric surgery is the most effective method to lose weight at present. Bariatric surgery allows patients lose the most weight, be able to sustain the weight reduction over time and, more importantly, diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors significantly improve. Understanding the link among obesitydiabetes-hypertension is crucial in order to develop new therapeutic targets to decrease CVD morbidity and mortality. There is less prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in premenopausal women than in men, but, once initiated, the morbidity and mortality due to CAD in women is worse than in men, thus highlighting this sex difference in CVD. Indeed, women with diabetes exhibit a higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke mortality than men, compared to people without diabetes. In obese subjects, there is inappropriate activation of the systemic and adipose renin-angiotensin system. The prorenin receptor is a molecule expressed in various tissues including fat tissue and part of it, the soluble prorenin receptor, can be secreted into the blood. The prorenin receptor is part of a very important system that regulates blood pressure and fat in our body, the renin-angiotensin system. In this prospective observational human pilot study, we will determine whether the adipose tissue is the major supplier of soluble prorenin receptor levels in the plasma of obese patients and the relationship between blood soluble prorenin receptor and diabetes mellitus, obesity, high blood pressure and other important cardiovascular risk factors. Outcomes from this study will allow a better understanding of the complex factors that link obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors and designing better therapeutic alternatives to improve patient's health, particularly in obese diabetic women.

The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of the effects of weight loss on the lungs in older adults. Different types of tests to understand the effects of the EMPOWER interventions on lung function will be administered.

In the UK, around 1 in 16 men and 1 in 20 women will develop bowel cancer at some point in their lives. Most bowel cancers happen when a type of growth in the bowel called an adenoma eventually becomes cancerous. Cutting out adenomas reduces the risk of developing bowel cancer. Certain people are more likely to have adenomas than others, for example people who are overweight. People who are overweight are also more likely to develop liver disease by laying too much fat down in the liver. Studies in Asia have shown that people with fatty liver disease are more likely to have adenomas and these are more commonly found in the part of the bowel (right colon) furthest from the bottom end. Information on the link between obesity, fatty liver disease and adenomas is very limited, particularly in the Western population. The investigators will assess the link between body weight, fatty liver and adenomas in the UK population. 1430 patients will be invited; some through the bowel cancer screening programme and some with symptoms such as low blood count, bleeding or changed bowel habit. These patients will already have been referred for a camera test looking into the bowel, called a colonoscopy. Information including height, weight and some health questions will be taken. Blood samples will be taken. The investigators will compare the number of patients with adenomas who have liver disease or who are overweight with those who don't. This information will be used to develop a scoring system to predict risk of adenomas. This will help the investigators to decide if undertaking colonoscopies in these patients will identify those at increased risk of bowel cancer.

Background: Dopamine is a natural chemical in the brain that may influence eating behavior and physical activity. Researchers want to measure the brain s dopamine activity and understand how it differs in people with obesity. Objective: To better understand how brain function, particularly dopamine activity, relates to body weight and eating behavior. Individuals may be able to participate if they: Have a BMI of at least 18.5 kg/m2 Are weight-stable and generally healthy Are between ages 18-45 years Have normal blood pressure Are not using illegal drugs (based on urine drug screen) Are not following a special diet Do not have metal implants Design: Participants will be screened with: Medical history Physical exam Questionnaires and an interview to see if it is safe to have a PET/MRI scan Fasting blood and urine tests Participants will eat a special diet given to them for the 5 days before their inpatient visit. Participants will have a 5-day inpatient visit. Some days include blood and urine tests. Each day includes surveys and tests to measure habits and likes/dis-likes. A sample schedule may be: Day 1: Participants will wear a monitor that uses a needle below the skin to measure glucose. Their body fat will be measured with low-dose x-rays Day 2: Participants will have a PET scan. They will lie on a table that slides in and out of a donut-shaped scanner. They will be injected with a small amount of a radioactive substance and wear a cap on their head. Day 3: Participants will have an MRI. They will lie on a table that slides in and out of a scanner. Day 4: Participants will have another PET scan. This time, they will drink a milk shake during a break from the scanner. Then, they will go back inside the scanner for the end of their scan. Day 5: Participants will wear a hood for up to 40 minutes to measure their breathing. They will also drink special water and collect samples of their urine to measure the rate they burn energy. For 12 months after the visit, participants will track their weight and physical activity daily using a special scale and activity monitor. A few times over the year, the study team will send participants special activity monitors to use for 7 days at a time. Participants will have an in-person 1-day follow-up visit. This includes most tests except for PET scanning....

A prospective cohort study to determine whether a high body weight (BMI equal to or greater than 35 kg / m 2) has an effect on anticoagulant Apixaban level in the blood of patients with atrial fibrillation.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy operations performed for morbid obesity are among the most common methods in the world. Gastric or intestinal bypass surgery with or without sleeve gastrectomy is thought to be more effective in controlling both weight loss and metabolic diseases. For this purpose, Roux-en-y gastric bypass, transit bipartition, duodenal switch, jejunoileal bypass are performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of jejunoileal bypass surgery on weight loss and metabolic diseases in patients with sleeve gastrectomy.

The purpose of this study is to understand how the opioid system is involved in eating behavior.

The purpose of this study is to examine if glucocorticoids will change neural activation in regions of the corticolimbic-striatal system that regulate feeding.

The term obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) 30 and over, and morbid obesity is considered as BMI greater than 40 (1).Its incidence in the general population is approximately 20% according to Organisation for data of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and unfortunately, it is increasing worldwide (2). Obesity should not be thought ofas a single disorderasit is related tomany disorders like hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of malignancies (1).For years people have struggled with obesitywithboth metabolic and physical problems. Surgical treatment is the most effective long-term therapeutic treatment in current and modern medicine of obesity and obesity-related diseases as the last resort.(3-5). Roux-en-y gastrojejunostomy is the method that has been applied for many years and there isconsensus on its effect.However, in recent years, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has an increasing number of procedures with a short learning curve and it is the most performed surgical technique all over the world and also in Turkey (2,6). Unfortunately, like any surgical procedure, this surgery has its own complications.Although being performed frequently increases the experience of surgeons, this situation cannot reduce the risk of complications of surgery to zero. In morbid obesity patients, the risk of any complications in all surgical procedures is higher than withother patients who were not morbidly obese. Due to these complications, prolonged hospital stays, increased reapplications to the hospital, reoperations and deaths can result(5,7). Despite both an increased risk of complications according to obesity and the risk of specific complications due to sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is associated with acceptable postoperative morbidity and mortality rates (8). Various classifications have been described in the literature for complications after surgery.In one of these classifications, according to Clavien-Dindo (CD) Classification, complications are divided into two groups as major and minor. (1, 9)(Table 1). This classification can be applied to bariatric and metabolic surgeries as withall surgery types. Especially major complications in this classification are life-threatening situations and their early detection is important (8). In fact, surgeons do not want to encounter mortality in any of their patients. In this respect, DeMaria et al. developed an easily applicable mortality risk scoring system, which is consisted of five items (age ≥45 years, male sex, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 kg / m2, arterial hypertension, and risk factors for pulmonary thromboembolism) and can be used for the pre-operative determination of risky patients in obesity surgery(Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score; OR-MRS) (8,10,11). In this study, it is aimed to determine the perioperative complications seen in the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients that we performed in our clinic without being discharged from the hospital and to evaluate the treatment processes of the complications under literature. In addition, whether the OS-MRS risk assessment scale and BMI had a role indetermining perioperative complications before discharge was investigated.