Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

The goal of this study is to quantify energy metabolism using indirect calorimetry at rest, in the presence of excess energy following a meal, and in response to the demand for energy during exercise. The investigators also will examine the individual and joint associations of activity and obesity status on neurocognitive domains of appetite control. Participants will include adolescent males and females (N=80) using a 2 x 2 cross-sectional study design, stratified by body weight (normal vs overweight/obese) and physical activity level (sedentary vs. active).

In 2012, an Expert Panel of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute published guidelines on cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children; among these guidelines were screening recommendations for obesity and obesity-related conditions. Following publication of this report there was a call for caution and for increased patient (parent, child) input on implementing these guidelines. There are limited current studies evaluating patient-centered outcomes (PCO) in the well-child setting, however, given the childhood obesity epidemic, there is a clear need for such an evaluation. The city of Detroit, MI ranks first among 22 cities with data for the prevalence of overweight and obese youth (39.7%), making Henry Ford Health System, which is located in Detroit, MI, an ideal setting to study childhood obesity related research questions.

The purpose of this study is to better understand how participation in cost-subsidized community supported agriculture programs paired with tailored education can affect diet quality and energy balance among children in low-income households.

The purpose of this observational study is to conduct 18-, 24-, and 36-month assessments with mother-toddler dyads who participated in a study that is testing the effects of a multicomponent lifestyle intervention as a means to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in obese women. Specifically, dyads will be invited to participate in home-based assessments to videotape an evening meal, have anthropometric measures taken, and complete study questionnaires. The overall goal is to understand factors related prospectively to responsive feeding between mothers and toddlers at 18 months; determine whether responsive feeding at 18 and 24 months predicts change in zBMI and adiposity from 18-36 months; and explore which factors are most strongly predictive of child zBMI change from birth to 36 months.

Epidemiological studies have shown obesity to be a risk factor of asthma. Research evidence of obesity and atopic(ie. allergic)-related respiratory diseases, has been less clear. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the relationship between obesity and atopic-related respiratory disease in premenopausal women is mediated by a dietary imbalance of omega 6 and 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Transnasal Endoscopy in Obese Patients are Candidates for Bariatric Surgery Introduction and Objectives: high digestive endoscopy (HDE) is an important tool in the preoperative period of bariatric surgery. Patients with excess weight have a higher risk of cardiorespiratory complications during this procedure, being that the transnasal endoscopy (TNE) with an endoscope-thin is a safe alternative, comfortable and great value for money. The TNE allows the study of the upper gastrointestinal tract without the need for sedation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility, tolerance and safety of TNE in obese patients are candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods: This was a prospective study with all patients with indication for surgery of obesity undergoing endoscopic transnasal preoperatively, between December 2016 and August 2018, at the Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. The variables evaluated were: age, gender, suitability of the exam, tolerance by the patient through the visual analogue scale, incidence of complications and need for sedation. Oxygen saturation, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded. Conclusion: The transnasal endoscopy is a feasible alternative, well tolerated and safe the conventional endoscopy in evolution the preoperative bariatric surgery. The benefits of transnasal endoscopy in obese patients mainly consist in carrying out the procedure without sedation, which may provide reduction of risks, costs and waive the need for a companion. Key words: transnasal endoscopy - Obesity - endoscopy without sedation.

Obesity occurs more frequently in subjects of a lower socioeconomic status and is associated with a lower income and unemployment. On the other hand, there is limited access of individuals with low socioeconomic status to conventional obesity treatments and bariatric surgery. In STEREOplus the investigators will ascertain unemployed adolescents with obesity and extreme obesity at five job centers in the Ruhr area. Unemployed obese youths and young adults (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2) between the ages of 14 and 24.9 years are eligible to participate. Participants will be asked to complete a series of questionnaires on their general health, psychosocial situation and wellbeing, and will be offered a thorough medical evaluation. Individuals who complete the baseline evaluations will be invited to participate in six group sessions of conventional obesity treatment over a three months period. After six months, participants will complete further questionnaires to evaluate the effects of the interventions on quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Weight status (BMI) will also be measured. Adolescents who attended at least five sessions and are interested in bariatric surgery will have access to a structured information and preparation program for bariatric surgery. The overall objective of STEREOplus is to generate data on the feasibility of the planned implementation of a treatment targeted to a high risk group with a low socioeconomic background in order to reduce treatment barriers.

Results from the 5As Team (5AsT) Study have identified critical gaps in medical school curricula on obesity, leading to a wave of new family physicians who lack confidence and are poorly equipped to manage obesity with their patients. In an effort to address this gap, all first year medical residents training in family medicine at the University of Alberta during the 2015/2016 year will be required to take a 2 day workshop in Obesity Management as part of the Doctor-Patient Relationship Course. The comprehensive workshop provides medical residents with knowledge and training in obesity prevention and management through didactic lectures, experiential learning, and clinical practice. Participants were asked to complete and submit pre- and post- workshop assessment measuring self-reported confidence on aspects of weight management counselling, narrative reflections regarding the experiential components of the course, and measures to assess beliefs and attitudes towards people living with obesity. The purpose of our program evaluation was to assess the program's impact on residents' knowledge of obesity and attitude towards counselling patients with obesity, as well as to refine and further develop the course. Evaluation of the 5AsT-MD pilot project shows increases of residents' understanding of the complexity and chronicity of obesity, and an uptake of the 5As framework and tools by residents to improve confidence and success of their weight management practice.

As the number of obesity continues to increase, surgical oncologist pay more attention to the effect of obesity on surgical outcomes and survival of digestive systemin cancers. Body mass index(BMI) is one of the most widely used measurements of obesity. Abdominal fat area (AFA) calculated by computed tomography is popular because of its validity of fat distribution. There is still no consensus which of BMI and AFA could be the more effective measurement and more accurate to evaluate effect of obesity on surgical outcomes and survival. Gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive system cancers, and gastrectomy is the primary therapeutic options.It is important to compare the different measurements(BMI or AFA) to assess obesity and effect on surgical outcome and survival for gastric cancer patients.

Despite an impressive capacity to induce diabetes remissions, the gastric bypass surgery has been associated with the onset of hyperglycemic peaks, which are very intensive and transient, in formally non diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to study the digestion of starch as compared to that of glucose (same glucose load) before and after gastric bypass surgery in obese patients. Volunteers will be recruited among the candidates to a gastric bypass, and will be studied before and 3 months after surgery. They will have on each occasion 2 random meals, corresponding to 30g glucose, one made of starch the other made of glucose, both naturally labeled with 13C. The digestion of starch will be assessed with the increase in the plasma 13C-glucose tracer. Plasma samples will be collected for 3 hours. Some studies have already investigated time of absorption of glucose, but any study has examined the time of digestion of glucose. Other study always used glucose syrup, so they cannot have results about digestion. It is the reason why, in this study, glucose syrup and a starch meal will be taken by the same patient and glycaemia will be compared. In this way, results will be obtained about the kinetic of digestion of starch.