Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

Growing evidence suggests that dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with a greater risk of falls, functional disability and hospitalisation compared to those with dynapenia, obesity or neither phenotype. Understanding the pathogenesis underlying this phenotype has the potential to inform potential treatment strategies. MicroRNAs can act as messengers at the cellular level to promote or block processes for muscle growth and repair, amongst other things. There is evidence that ageing changes microRNA levels in the muscle and that these changes may result in reduced muscle quality and quantity. However, it is not known whether being obese can change microRNA levels in muscle and how this relates to physical performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of dynapenic abdominal obesity on microRNA levels in serum and muscle quality and quantity in the legs of older women. This is an observational, cross-sectional study. The investigators will recruit 4 groups of older women: normal weight, normal weight with dynapenia, obese and obese with dynapenia. The investigators will measure the microRNA levels in serum. The investigators will measure the quantity and fat content of muscle in the legs using magnetic resonance imaging. Muscle strength, fatigue and balance will be measured using gait (walking) analysis, balance tests, and a machine designed to measure leg strength and fatigue. The investigators will measure and compare microRNA levels between groups. The investigators will use databases and computer programmes to look at all of the microRNAs which are different between groups and see how they affect the muscle. The investigators will compare muscle strength, size and fatigue between groups. The investigators will explore relationships of muscle quantity and quality measures with microRNA changes in the muscle. This approach will allow the investigators to understand how obesity affects the microRNA profile of muscle and whether this translates into impairment of function and mobility.

This is a study to learn about obesity and how insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes develops in children.

Sarcopenic obesity occurs when there is a loss of muscle and gain of fat in the body. With this study, the investigators will explore how nutritional status at the beginning of the treatment can cause changes in your child's body fat compared to muscle in the body. The investigators will also look at how these changes can impact a child's cancer treatment, survival from treatment, and if there is any deterioration in health and nutrition status. The primary objective of this study is to establish the incidence of sarcopenic obesity, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), among Indian children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Obesity is a public health problem, given its prevalence (15% in France in 2012, Obépi survey) but also by the complications that it generates. We were firstly, intersted in bone mineral density during obesity. We were able to confirm in an observational study that BMD (Z-score)was augmented. We also showed, for the first time, that this increase in Z-score was dependent on sex, severity of obesity and age but also bone site. If the increase in BMD at the level of the bearing zones seems logically to be explained by the hypothesis that the mechanical stresses have an osteogenic effect on the bone tissue, the latter can not in any way respond to the concomitant increase in BMD at non-bearing areas such as the radius.These results suggest that changes in certain systemic compounds induced by obesity may interfere with bone metabolism. recent data also suggest a change in the concentration of pro-glucagon peptides (GLP-1, glicentin, glucagon, etc.) in obese subjects and in bariatric surgery). Although body composition and its variation after surgery could be largely involved in the modification of these peptides, no data on these potential relationships is currently available. However, no data are available for baseline body composition and weight loss data. Finally, 80% of obesity is associated with insulin resistance, a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. A metabolically healthy obesity phenotype is described, although the definition criteria are not consensual.The evolution of this phenotype with aging and with the duration of evolution of obesity is not well described. Our goal is to create a database of weight-bearing patients in the care setting and to determine the "hormonal dialogue" between peripheral (muscular and adipose) and bone tissues, which may be associated with changes in body composition during obesity and aging, and that according to sex.

In this study, the investigators aimed to observe changes in the gut microbial composition before and after the weight-loss intervention, including dietary control and exercise, in obese children. The main metabolites produced by gut microbiome, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) will be also analysed. The investigators will analyse the change of gut microbiome composition and metabolites related with weight-loss intervention and the relationship between microbiome composition and metabolites.

There is no objective evidence of how long intravenous solutions remain inside venous blood vessels after they have been administered, therefore there is no definite guideline of how to administer them in the preoperative setting. Besides, obese patients represent a particular group of subjects as they theoretically with-hold a constant inflammatory response and that would modify the way solutions behave intravenously, that is how long they remain inside. Having said this, we wish to describe the way colloid solutions behave in this group of patients by taking serial blood samples in 12 obese patients after a colloid infusion, to calculate plasma dilution curves based on hemoglobin dilution and therefore infer the time it remains intravascularly. All this in the hope this information will help, in the near future, to establish a more objective way to use these solutions and avoid possible complications due to over-administration.

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of lack or excess of Vitamin D in the first, second and third trimester on child birth weight, fat content and the secretion of metabolism related hormone, and clinical follow-up their offspring obesity.

The aim of the study is to investigate the association of obesity with arterial blood pressure, atherosclerosis, target organ damage (heart, arteries, kidney) and insulin resistance in children and young adolescents.

The aim of this study is to explore whether and how high circulating levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in obese and overweight children may contribute to impair adiponectin (Ad) production, release and vascular activity

This clinical trial is a monocentric, prospective, observational and controlled trial (historical cohort control group of healthy non-obese subjects who had Nasal functional exploration for Snoring) as part of current care. This study concerns the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS is elevated in subjects with morbid obesity (BMI≥40) (on average 70%). International recommendations agree on the need to seek OSAS before bariatric surgery because of the high risk of complications. Increased nasal resistance could also be related to a limitation of inspiratory flow due to an abnormality of the elasticity of the nasal mucosa or "nasal compliance". Adipose infiltration of the nasal mucosa may occur during obesity. These tissue changes (decreased vaso-erectile tissue and increased adipose tissue) could modify the nasal compliance, which the decrease would be a possible factor of severity of OSAS in obese patients. Screening for an abnormality of compliance could also anticipate a difficulty of equipment for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in the case of associated OSAS. All patients who must have bariatric surgery and get in the criteria are included. They will have to do a medical checkup pre and post-operative (polygraphy + ear/nose/throat assessment (ENT) + Nasal functional exploration). They will be followed for 13 to 24 months. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate a reduction of at least 30% of nasal compliance in a group of obese subjects (BMI> 35) compared to a control group of healthy subjects. The secondary objectives are to is to demonstrate an increase of 30% in resistance in patients with BMI> 35 compared to control group and a normalization of nasal compliance 1 year after surgery when their weight is normalized (BMI <30). A study period of 4 years is planned.