Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

Obesity is an epidemic and a growing problem in the world. There are numerous causes of obesity, the most novel and personalized of which is genetic inheritance. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are the most common type of genetic variation among people, regulating the response between the diet and the body. Meanwhile, Traditional Chinese medicine pattern differentiation is also personalized and usually influenced by inheritance, living habits, character and environment and so on. The common constitutions in obesity are Qi deficiency, Yang Deficiency, and Phlegm dampness, which are correlated with oxygen, sugar and fat metabolism, also affected by gene expression. Therefore, the relationship between constitution, metabolism and genetic molecular typing may be significant in obesity with obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Food addiction (FA) is a behavioral addiction characterized by a high consumption of palatable foods, which markedly activate the reward system, despite adverse consequences. FA was first described in 1956 but remains controversial. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), developed by Gearhardt et al. in 2009, is currently regarded as the "Gold Standard" for FA screening. In a previous study, we established a Food Addiction Screening Test using artificial intelligence. The main objective of the present study is to validate the sensitivity, specificity and precision for FA diagnosis in a sample of patient suffering from obesity and healthy volunteers.

Although it is frequently mentioned in the media that overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions worldwide and in this country, some Canadians are perplexed and sometimes confused about the role of obesity in diabetes and heart disease. In fact, the investigators even hear from time to time that there could be "healthy" obese individuals. In clinical practice, assessment of obesity as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a challenge as even some physicians are confused. However, studies conducted in our laboratory and by other research teams around the world over the last 20 years have clearly shown that body shape is more important than body size when evaluating the risk of overweight/obesity and that high accumulation of abdominal fat (excess belly fat) increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The investigators now need to better understand the link between excess belly fat and atherosclerosis (the thickening of artery walls by fatty deposits, also referred to as atherosclerotic plaque), leading to complications such as angina (chest pain) and myocardial infarction (heart attacks). Using non-invasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, the investigators therefore propose to examine the relationships between measures of fatness and of abdominal fat and the size of atherosclerotic plaque in large blood vessels of apparently healthy human subjects. This study is also a unique opportunity to look, for the first time, at the relationship between belly fat, blood sugar, several well-known risk factors for heart disease (cholesterol, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, etc.) and the size of atherosclerotic plaques. This research program should pave the way to the development of new improved preventive/therapeutic approaches focusing not on body weight but rather on abdominal fat and associated blood abnormalities which are predictive of the development of atherosclerotic plaques leading to the premature development of heart disease.

Not many studies examined genetic determinants of obesity in women. As pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women appear to have different propensities for fat deposition, genetic loci linked with obesity-related phenotypes might be different by menopausal status. So far, there is no large scale of genetic study deciphering common obesity focusing on women population to examine the contributions of aging and change in menopausal status to obesity in Taiwan. The investigators propose this study to compare phenotypic profiles of obesity and cardio-metabolic factors in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. The study will examine the contributions of aging and change in menopausal status to the changes of obesity-related traits during the transition from pre-menopause to post-menopause period, and will evaluate the contribution of genetic susceptibility on body fat deposition among women at different stage of menopause.

Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy is a modified and simplified duodenal switch. It is performed on morbid obese patients and severe T2DM patients with obesity, and a proper weight loss is expected as well as a decrease in the cardiac risk and a remission of T2DM. A lower complication rate than for duodenal switch is expected.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there was an association between obesity and periodontitis, tendency to caries and periapical lesions. People who have a higher body mass index produce cytokines (hormone-like proteins), that lead to systemic/chronic inflammation (like periodontitis and periapical lesions), and obesity related dietary habits could result in an increment of dental caries because both the amount and the frequency of sucrose ingestion are important factors associated with the aetiology of the oral disease.

It is reported that the standard method for fortification of human milk (HM) overestimates the energy and protein densities of HM (Macedo MHNP 2018), thus originating infant undernutrition (Macedo AJP 2018). The target fortification, based on analysis of HM composition, is considered the gold-standard method (Rochow 2015, McLeod 2016). This observational mixed cohort study aims to assess if very preterm infants fed HM with target fortification have greater growth during hospital stay and better body composition at term post-menstrual age (PMA), than those fed HM with standard fortification.

Screened subjects will be tested for hidden food allergies. Subjects will eliminate all food that showed leukocyte reactions for 90-days. Subjects will then also be invited to use the Willis Exercise protocol. Body composition testing and Body Mass Index calculation will be accomplished at enrollment and after completion of the 90-day study.

It is an observational trial on 500 subjects. The purpose of this trial is to assess the prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in subjects with different classes of obesity.

Adults with obesity have an imbalance of bacteria in their intestines which may contribute to weight gain and diseases related to obesity. Restoring the balance of these bacteria (the "microbiota") could help reduce weight and related diseases. However, little is known about this imbalance in children with obesity. This research study will map out the compositions of the gut microbiota of children and compare them with those of children who have healthy weights and different degrees of obesity. This project will also measure the amounts of fatty acids in the stools which are an indication of how efficiently the intestines absorb calories from food. If an imbalance is detected in children with obesity, then this information can help researchers test ways to restore the gut microbiota with hopes of reducing weight and some of its related health problems.