Study of Integrating Antiretroviral Therapy With Methadone Treatment for People Who Inject Drugs...
HIVOpioid DependenceTo improve ART initiation among people who inject drugs, the investigators propose to develop and pilot a multi-component Integrated Methadone and Antiretroviral Therapy strategy (IMAT) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In doing so, the investigators anticipate building a functional model of methadone and ART integration that improves the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery.
Ultra-rapid Opiate Detoxification Using Deep Sedation and Prior Oral Buprenorphine Preparation....
Opioid AddictionThe methods of detoxification under general anesthesia have been criticized because of limited data on safety and long-term follow-up. Premedication with buprenorphine has been advocated to improve safety. In current study we want to evaluate the importance of buprenorphine preparation in rapid opioid detoxification process, under general anesthesia.
ER/LA Opioid Surveillance for Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations for Overdose and...
Opioid-related DisordersOpioid Addiction2 moreStudy to evaluate the impact of the ER/LA opioid REMS program on the incidence of Emergency Department visits and hospitalizations for overdose/poisoning and death among patients prescribed ER/LA opioid analgesics.
Buccal Versus Injectable Naloxone: a Phase I Healthy Volunteer Study
Drug OverdoseOpioid-Related DisordersNaloxone is the standard treatment in response to cases of suspected opiate overdose. Buccal formulation of naloxone is a novel alternative to the licensed naloxone injection which, by removing the risk of accidental needle-stick, may be safer and easier to administer. Current UK policy allows the emergency administration of naloxone by any member of the general public (Strang, Kelleher, Best, Mayet, & Manning, 2006), and the preventative provision of naloxone to drug users and their family members ("take-home naloxone") is possible on a prescription basis. Thus, buccal naloxone may be particularly suitable for administration by family members who are providing interim overdose management care while awaiting the arrival of an ambulance. The aim of this study is to examine the bioavailability and dose proportionality of buccal naloxone compared with the licensed injection standards (intravenous, intramuscular). The investigators hypothesise that buccal naloxone is not inferior to the injection reference in absorption kinetics, i.e. time elapsed till peak concentration (Tmax; primary outcome), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), overall absorption (AUC), bioavailability (F%) and, duration of action (mean terminal half-life; T1/2). The investigators propose a pharmacokinetic pilot investigation with within-subjects (crossover) design, comparing two doses (0.8 mg; 1.6 mg) of buccal naloxone hydrochloride solution to the licensed intramuscular (IM; 0.8 mg) and intravenous (IV; 0.8 mg) routes of injection. The investigators will invite four healthy (i.e., non-opioid using) male volunteers (n=4, not powered), each of whom will attend four experimental sessions at counterbalanced sequence. Each volunteer will receive naloxone hydrochloride doses of 0.8 mg IM, 0.8 mg IV, 0.8 mg buccal, and 1.6 mg buccal, with only one dose administered per session. Blood concentrations will be measured at selected times during each session to establish speed of naloxone absorption, time to peak concentration, estimated half-life, and overall bioavailability. This dose-ranging pilot will inform future work by providing preliminary data on buccal naloxone absorption into the bloodstream and by establishing feasibility of the buccal route for naloxone delivery.
Study of Opioid Immunosuppressive Effects
Opioid Abuse or DependenceThis trial aims to investigate the effects of opioid-inducing immune suppression on opioid drug abused patients. The methods of the investigators research mainly includes the expression of morphine-related miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cytokine in plasma.
Determining Genetic Biomarkers Predictive of the Development of Prescription Opioid Addiction
Usage of Prescription OpioidsThis is a clinical study on patients who have been prescribed opioids (narcotic pain relievers) for the treatment of pain, to determine what genetic factors influence outcome of treatment. Procedures include: an initial telephone prescreening, completion of a number of questionnaires, and a blood draw to determine genetic factors. Participants will take part in a one-time clinic visit, during which all procedures will be completed. The investigators hypothesize that several classes of genes, including genes in opioid, pain, and reward pathways, will differentiate opioid-dependent subjects from opioid-exposed nondependent subjects.
Surveillance Monitoring of Opioid Abuse in Poison and Drug Treatment Centers
Opioid-related DisordersOpioid Addiction2 moreTo conduct surveillance for abuse, misuse, overdose, addiction, and death and to evaluate if the REMS meets its surveillance goals, and if it does not, to modify it appropriately based on the metrics. Briefly, therefore, the overall surveillance objective is to evaluate for trends before and after the shared REMS is implemented to collectively assess for changes in abuse, misuse, overdose, addiction, and death for different risk groups and settings.
Monitoring Patterns of Prescribing to Identify Changes in Access to ER/LA Opioid Analgesics
Opioid Related DisordersOpiate Addiction2 moreChanges in prescribing will be compared in prescribers from specialties whose prescribing is hypothesized to be relatively unaffected by the REMS (such as oncologists and hospice providers) versus those for whom the REMS could have greater impact on prescribing (e.g., dentists). Trends and changes in monthly prescription volume and average monthly prescription volume will be evaluated by prescriber specialty.
Evaluation of Changes in Prescribing Behavior of ER/LA Opioid Prescribers
Opioid Related DisordersOpiate Addiction2 moreA study will be performed to evaluate changes in prescribing behavior of prescribers of ER/LA opioids
Development of an Algorithm That Predicts Hypoventilation Due to an Opioid Overdose
Drug OverdoseOpioid-Related DisordersRTM Vital Signs, LLC is developing a miniature wearable tracheal sound sensor that communicates with a cell phone containing a machine-learning diagnostic algorithm designed to detect and predict the onset of mild, moderate, and severe hypoventilation (respiratory depression) due to an opioid overdose. The purpose of this clinical trial is to develop/validate diagnostic algorithms capable of detecting/predicting the onset of hypoventilation induced by a controlled intravenous infusion of fentanyl. The wearable sensor and algorithms will provide a series of alerts and alarms to the person, caregiver, and/or emergency personnel.