Active clinical trials for "Opportunistic Infections"

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection results in significant morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. HSCT patients often face opportunistic infections due to the immunosuppressive state during transplantation. Antimicrobial drugs are usually used for prophylactic purposes and for treatment after early detectable infections. Unfortunately, some patients develop resistance to such drug treatment. In addition to HSCT patient, immune compromised patient may also be victim to opportunistic infections. Many infections can be effectively managed by functional immune recovery. In this study, the safety and efficacy of microbial-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) will be investigated.

In this study, it is hypothesized that helminth infections modulate immune responses against HIV-1 infection resulting into increased HIV-1 multiplication, faster progression to AIDS and increased episodes of AIDS-related opportunistic infections. Furthermore, the effect of helminth infections on progression of HIV-1 infection is dependent on helminth infection intensity, host background immunity, nutritional status, demographic factors and socio-economic status. Also, treatment of helminth infections using praziquantel and albendazole among HIV-1 infected individuals will lead to reduction in HIV-1 viral loads, improvement of CD4+ counts, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and Hb levels, improved weight gain and reduction of episodes of HIV-1 related opportunistic infections. In addition, HIV-1 infection is associated with poor anthelminthic treatment outcome as compared to non-HIV infected individuals

This study validate the usefulness of SIMPLICITY score to characterize the immune status of the kidney transplant receiver at two points along its course (the one and six months after transplantation), by determination in peripheral blood of various parameters related to cellular immunity (count subpopulations of CD3+ (cluster of differentiation 3), CD4+ (cluster of differentiation 4) and CD8+( cluster of differentiation 8)), humoral immunity (immunoglobulins count) and innate (complement).

Although antibody-drug conjugate(ADC) has proved effective in treating many cancers, few patients receiving ADC may experience rare but life-threatening sepsis-related toxicities such as sepsis and septic shock. Today, data about sepsis/septic shock are scarce. The objective was to investigate reports of sepsis/septic shock adverse events related to ADC, including Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin, Trastuzumab Emtansine, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin, Enfortumab vedotin, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Sacituzumab govitecan, Brentuximab Vedotin, Moxetumomab pasudotox, Polatuzumab Vedotin, Belantamab Mafodotin, loncastuximab tesirine and Tisotumab vedotin using international pharmacovigilance databases such as the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

HIV patients are likely to suffer from opportunistic infections, in absence of highly active retroviral therapy. This happens due to lack of awareness of HIV status among patients or unresponsive to anti retroviral drugs. This study is for the prevalence of AIDS defining OIs among treatment naive HIV patients.

Patients are exposed to infectious agents regularly, regardless of their immunologic status. Traditionally clinicians have decided to institute prophylaxis based on epidemiologic factors, skin test (i.e. PPD), or immunologic parameters. A quantitative and specific method that is non-invasive, such as quantitative PCR, would be desirable to more precisely define those who would benefit from prophylaxis. Similarly, when patients develop disease and are being treated, quantitative, non-invasive techniques are needed to assess response to therapy. This project is designed to develop and test quantitative tests using blood, urine, or sputum samples.

The objective of this project is to determine clinical and biological predictors of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) occurrence in HIV infected patients who are started on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and to obtain more insight into the pathogenesis of this syndrome. The investigators will prospectively study HIV infected patients in Sub Saharan Africa who will be initiated on ART and are at risk to develop IRIS in all its different appearances. In these patients, the investigators will assess the value of clinical features and plasma biomarkers to predict IRIS, and the investigators will obtain insight into which inflammatory pathways become activated during IRIS. This project will provide novel knowledge about this clinically highly relevant healthcare problem in a resource poor setting, namely in Lambaréné, Gabon, in the Central African rainforest belt. In Gabon little research has been done in the field of HIV. The epidemiological pattern of IRIS in Gabon will be described. Promising putative plasma biomarkers will be validated for their use in daily practice.

The purpose of this study is to understand how changes in the immune system of HIV-infected patients affect their risk for 3 serious infections: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, or CMV organ disease. The purpose also is to understand how anti-HIV medicines may improve the immune system in these patients. (This purpose reflects a change in the AIDS-related [opportunistic] infections studied.) Presently, HIV-infected patients who have had PCP or CMV disease stay on lifelong therapy to prevent the return of the disease. This study is trying to see if a special lab test can help identify which patients can stop this preventive therapy without having another episode of PCP or CMV organ disease. (This rationale reflects a change in the AIDS-related infections studied.)

This is a multicenter prospective cohort evaluation of the implementation of a cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening program at selected outpatient HIV clinics (OPCs) and network laboratories in Vietnam.

The analysis of a cohort of consecutive non-selected patients from the Strasbourg University Hospital, and therefore representative of the real life, will allow better identifying the risk factors for these infections (by comparison with a cohort of patient with similar conditions of immunosuppression and no infection) and improving the diagnosis and therapeutic management. The primary objective is to identify prognosis factors affecting survival in patients with opportunistic infections