Active clinical trials for "Osteoporosis"

To popularize knowledge of prevention and health care of osteoporosis.To investigate the prevalence of primary osteoporosis in community residents.

Large amounts of experimental and animal evidence have confirmed that iron accumulation is associated with bone loss. However, it is still lack of the clinical studies relating iron accumulation to bone loss, especially in the pathological conditions during our Chinese. In this study, the investigators aim to assess the association between the levels of serum ferritin and bone mineral density in Chinese healthy postmenopausal women.

Osteoporosis (OP) and subsequent fractures (OP fractures) are a source of morbidity and high mortality in the elderly. Despite numerous programs aiming at improving OP care, the prevention, diagnostic and treatment remain suboptimal. Barriers to a better care are multiple, both in the general and at-risk population, and in medical practitioners. Since they do not perceive their susceptibility to OP, people do not see the benefit of prevention. In addition, physicians do not give sufficient importance to OP prevention and care, despite the existence of guidelines. The investigators implemented a qualitative study to explore the knowledge and representations regarding osteoporosis in the general and at-risk population and in doctors in Rhône-Alpes Region, France, using focus groups with women and men and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with general practitioners. Understanding barriers to osteoporosis care in patients and general practitioners will help to set up effective strategies to improve prevention and treatment.

The fracture risk of diabetic patients proves to be higher than those without diabetesdue to thehyperglycemia, usage of diabetes drugs, the changes in insulin levels and excretion, and this risk begins as early as adolescence.Many factors may be related to bone metabolism in patients with diabetes, including demographic data (e.g. age, height, weight, gender), medical history (e.g. smoking, drinking, menopause) and examination (e.g. bone mineral density, blood routine), urine routine).However, most of existing methods are qualitative assessments and do not take the interactions of the physiological factors of humans into consideration. In addition, the fracture risk of diabetic patients with osteoporosis has not been further studied before. In order to investigate the effect of patients' physiological factors on fracture risk, in the paper, we used a hybrid model combining XGBoost with deep neural network to predict the fracture risk of diabetic patients with osteoporosis.

Non Alcohlic Fatty Liver (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases that ranges from accumulation of fat in the liver (Hepatosteatosis) that may be accompanied by inflammation (Steatohepatitis) to necrosis, fibrosis and even cirrhosis resembling alcoholic hepatitis in the absence of alcoholic abuse (Pardee et al., 2012). It has been estimated that the global prevalence of NAFLD is as high as one billion. In the United States, NAFLD is estimated to be the most common cause of chronic liver disease, affecting between 80 and 100 million individuals, among whom nearly 25% progress to NASH (Loomba et al., 2013). In general, the prevalence of NAFLD has increased over the last 20 years. The Middle East and South America have the highest NAFLD prevalence at 31% and 32% respectively with the lowest prevalence in Africa at 13.5% (Younossi et al., 2016). Liver biopsy (LB) is still the standard test of NAFLD diagnosis and the presence of early liver fibrosis. However, histologic lesions are not evenly distributed throughout the liver. A sampling error is the biggest limitation in the diagnosis of NAFLD by LB with inflammatory lesions and ballooning degeneration potentially resulting in misdiagnoses and staging inaccuracies (Lee et al., 2016). To overcome these limitations, several non-invasive markers have been used instead of liver biopsy. These methods are either laboratory markers or imaging modalities. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a new technology based on the principle of the ultrasonic attenuation of transient elastography depending on the viscosity [fat] of the medium [liver] and the distance of propagation of the ultrasonic signals into the liver, providing a useful method for the quantitative detection of liver fat content and is considered a better assessment method for hepatic steatosis. Compared with ultrasound, this technology improves the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of fatty liver and can be used for universal screening, diagnosis, and follow-up in NAFLD patients (Sasso et al., 2016). NAFLD is known to be closely associated with metabolic conditions, including insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes, and is thus regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (Ballestri., 2016). In recent epidemiological studies, NAFLD was shown to be connected with diseases that are usually not dependent on obesity, such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis (Poggiogalle et al., 2017). Osteoporosis is becoming a public health problem all over the world. Disability resulting from low-energy fractures, e.g: hip or vertebral fractures, is the major concern for early detection and treatment. It is estimated that osteoporosis affects 200 million women worldwide (Kanis et al., 2007). Liver is the source of many proteins and is the regulator of several pathways involving bone metabolism; one of the most well-known of all is vitamin D metabolism pathway. Considering the role of liver in bone metabolism, the association between NAFLD and bone abnormalities is not surprising especially with substantial supporting evidences in recent years (Eshraghian et al., 2017). Besides its role in the calcium and bone metabolism, vitamin D may also exert pleiotropic effects in many tissues. NAFLD patients were reported to have a marked reduction in serum 25(OH) vitamin D when compared with controls (Yilmaz et al., 2011). In adults, bone is constantly being remodeled, first being broken down (bone resorption) and then being rebuilt (bone formation). The resorption and reformation of bone is important for repair of microfractures and to allow modification of structure in response to stress and other biomechanical forces. Bone formation is normally tightly coupled to bone resorption, so that bone mass does not change. Bone diseases occur when formation and resorption are uncoupled. Several assays are available that measure bone turnover markers (BTMs). These assays measure collagen breakdown products and other molecules released from osteoclasts and osteoblasts during the process of bone resorption and formation. Markers that are specific to bone formation include bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), osteocalcin, and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP); markers specific to bone resorption include N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and pyridinoline cross-links (Rosen et al., 2019).

Radical cystectomy is associated with a greater risk of fracture due to long-term metabolic consequences of intestinal urinary diversions. One of the mechanisms theoretically involved with bone loss after radical cystectomy is metabolic acidosis that inhibits osteoblast activity, stimulates osteoclast bone resorption and urinary calcium loss. Other factors as advanced age, diabetes or chronic renal failure may increase the effect of metabolic acidosis. Moreover, osteoporosis in men remains under-diagnosed and under-appreciated. Although metabolic and bone changes after radical cystectomy are well known, bone mineral density (BMD) or fracture risk assessment are not recommended in different international guidelines during follow-up. The objective of this study is to evaluate the fracture risk of male patients undergoing radical cystectomy after more than one year of follow-up. Fracture risk assessment will be performed by BMD to analyse the prevalence of osteoporosis, vertebral fractures and measurement of Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in combination with the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). These results will be correlated with blood markers with the objective to determine independent risk factors for osteoporosis or bone fracture in this population. To the best of the investigator's knowledge this will be the first study assessing the fracture risk after radical cystectomy performance evaluating BMD and the probability of fracture at 10 years using the FRAX algorithm.

A specialized osteoporosis clinic has existed in our hospital since 2010. The descriptive retrospective analysis of patients included in this pathway was the subject of a first study on patients included between January 2010 and January 2011 and reported to the Congress of the French Society of Rheumatology (SFR) in December 2011, then a second study on patients included between January 2012 and December 2016, presented as an e-poster at the SFR Congress in December 2017 and in a poster at the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research Conference (ASBMR) in October 2018 and published in 2019 in Archives of Osteoporosis. The effectiveness specialized osteoporosis clinics is the subject of numerous publications. It therefore seems important to evaluate the effectiveness of our management, 3 years from the date of inclusion of patients in the osteoporosis clinic of our hospital.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the role of Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in assessment of bone density. The study population contains men and women above the age of 60 years, eligible for Bone Density Testing in accordance with their health insurance, who underwent a Dental CBCT recommended by their Dental Practitioner. Any patient (eligible for bone density screening by age criteria) undergoing CBCT of either one of the jaws (or both) due to dental reasons, will be sent to a bone mineral density DEXA Scan, and for blood testing for PTH, Phosphor, Calcium ,Vitamin D and Creatinine levels. Density measurements will be done in specific sites on the CBCT's of the jaws. These measurements will be correlated with the blood tests and DEXA scan results.

The NCIC CTG was conducting an international breast cancer prevention trial (MAP.3) examining the effects of a new therapy (exemestane) for breast cancer prevention in postmenopausal women at increased risk of developing this disease. Results showed that after a median follow up of 35 months, exemestane was superior to placebo in breast cancer prevention. Exemestane blocks estrogen production, which may be beneficial for preventing breast cancer, but may have negative effects on bone. As postmenopausal women are at risk for developing osteoporosis, determining whether exemestane causes bones to weaken is crucial for women considering it for long-term use. Dr. Cheung's team followed the bone health of 354 women in MAP.3 in detail over 2 years and found that volumetric bone mineral density (by high resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography (HR-pQCT) at the radius and tibia as well as areal bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip and spine decreased significantly with the use of exemestane. The long term effects of exemestane on bone will be examined up to 5 years of therapy and then 2 years post therapy to delineate the effects of exemestane on bone strength. This research will inform us on the safety of exemestane for breast cancer prevention.

To demonstrate the predictive ability of the different screening scores (i.e. OST, ORAI, ABONE, body weight criterion, age alone or others) and their potential use in the primary care setting.