Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

Background: Malaria is a serious infection caused by a parasite. People get malaria when an infected mosquito bites them. Malaria can cause major health and social problems in places were malaria is common, such as Africa but can also affect travelers who have never been exposed to malaria. Researchers at the NIH want to find a safe and effective malaria vaccine, antimalarial drugs, or prevention regimen. To do this, healthy volunteers are recruited under a general screening study in order to see if are qualified to join a future malaria study. Objective: To screen healthy volunteers to see if they are eligible to join investigational malaria studies. The studies will be trials of investigational antimalarial drugs, malaria vaccines, or prevention regimens. They may also involve controlled human malaria infection trials. Eligibility: Healthy people ages 18 50 Design: Participants will first be prescreened by phone. Participants will be screened with: Medical history Physical exam Blood and urine tests Participants may go more than 1 year without joining a clinical trial. If this happens, they may be re-contacted to see if they still want to be part of this screening protocol. Those who still want to participate and have had relevant medical changes will be rescreened. ...

The purpose of this study is to examine whether treatment of pregnant Malawian women with repeated doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and azithromycin antibiotics will prevent preterm deliveries and result in other health benefits both for the mother and the foetus/newborn.

Background: Malaria is a disease spread by mosquitos. Pregnant women are highly susceptible to malaria. This can lead to poor health outcomes for pregnant women and their babies. Researchers want to test a malaria vaccine in women of child bearing potential (WOCBP) and pregnant women. This has not been done before. Objective: To assess the safety and tolerability of PfSPZ vaccine in healthy Malian WOCBP. Eligibility: Healthy women ages 18 38 who live in Ouelessebougou, Mali, and surrounding villages Design: Participants will be screened with: Physical exam Medical history Blood, urine, and heart tests Multiple-choice test about malaria Participants will get 3 injections by needle into a vein of the study vaccine or a placebo. All 3 will be within 1 month. They will not know whether they receive the vaccine or placebo. Participants will receive treatment to prevent malaria. This will be about 2 weeks before the first and third injections. After the third injection, participants will be followed for about 1 year. They will be tested to see if the vaccine is safe and protects against malaria infection. They will have blood tests. If participants get a rash or injection site reaction, photos of the site may be taken. Any women who become pregnant during the trial will be followed through the end of pregnancy. Babies and their mothers will be followed through the first year of life

Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) for children less than five years old is one the high impact interventions against malaria in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Since 2016, the Government of Mali and partners through the National Malaria Control Program has deployed SMC countrywide during high malaria transmission season with a total of four (4) rounds per year. Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) with Amodiaquine (AQ) are the drugs used for SMC. However, SP is also used for Intermittent preventative treatment (IPTp) for pregnant women while AQ has been used for decades for treatment of uncomplicated malaria. The proposed study will examine the effect of SMC with Sulfadoxine+Amodiaquine (SP+AQ) extension to older age, the efficacy of Dihydroartemisin-Piperaquine (DHA-PQ) when used for SMC, social, cultural, economic and health systems factors associated with effective implementation of SMC. The specific aims of this study are to: 1] Assess the effect of SMC (SP+AQ) on malaria incidence and infection prevalence in different age groups across sites; 2] Study the effect of SMC (DHA-PQ) compared to SMC (SP-AQ) among children less than 10 years; 3] Determine the cost-effectiveness for each treatment regimen; ) 4] Explore factors determining effective SMC implementation including coverage of children targeted to receive treatment by community distributors, receipt of a full course of treatment, perception of medications by parents and health care providers, and sustainability; and 5) Establish a district based system to identify severe cases. The expected outcomes of this work, upon completion of our specific aims, include 1) Recommendations to Malian health officials and other partners for improving implementation of SMC and alternative drug to SP+AQ for SMC, and 2) Guidelines for routine monitoring of SMC implementation.

Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and it is the most important parasitic disease in terms of mortality and morbidity. Estimates of 247 million malaria cases and 619.000 deaths worldwide were reported by WHO for the year 2021 (1). Plasmodium falciparum can lead to severe malaria and accounts for 90% of malaria deaths that mainly occur in children below the age of 5 years in Sub-Saharan Africa. A simplified treatment regimen, ideally a single-day cure (or at most 2-day dosing regimen), of uncomplicated malaria due to P. falciparum would be the magic in the antimalarial armamentarium. Improving treatment adherence is one of the key factors in reducing mortality and morbidity and also the transmission of malaria, and such a regimen would substantially increase adherence. To find a new non-artemisinin combination therapy with a shorter regimen, ideally, a single-dose cure, with low resistance potential would be the aim. The two compounds tested here are ZY19489, a triaminopyrimidine, and ferroquine (FQ), a next-generation 4-aminoquinoline. Both compounds show unique features in terms of long half-life, and activity against current drug-resistant strains. Therefore, the main goal of this clinical trial is to assess the safety of the ZY19489-FQ combination given as a 1- or 2-day dose regimen.

Mozambique is among the ten countries with the highest burden of malaria worldwide, with an estimated 9.3 million cases in 2018, and constitutes a core target for the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Roll Back Malaria Partnership to End Malaria's country-led 'high burden to high impact' initiative. At the same time, the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) of Mozambique seeks to accelerate elimination in the south, where transmission is lowest. NMCP is currently working with partners (Malaria Consortium, PMI, Global Fund) to set up a high-resolution surveillance system that can drive decision-making across all transmission strata through strengthening of routine data quality, data use and data to action packages. However, decisions become more complex as control reveals heterogeneity and better tools are required for a strategic use of information to drive impact. The overall objective of the study is to operationalize a functional malaria molecular surveillance (MMS) system that generates reliable and reproducible genomic data over time for programmatic decisions. The integration of genomic data into routine surveillance activities has the potential to increase the actionable intelligence for making programmatic decisions on the optimal mix of control and elimination measures in Mozambique by: Informing drug and diagnostic choices through the monitoring of antimalarial drug resistance and diagnostic resistance (hrp2/3 deletions); Targeting the reservoirs sustaining transmission through the use of transmission network models to quantify parasite importation, identify sources and characterize local transmission in near-elimination settings; Improving stratification, monitoring and impact evaluations in different epidemiological and health system contexts through the use of measures of P. falciparum genetic diversity (routinely from positive cases) to supplement traditional surveillance, especially where it is sparse; Using alternative, cost-effective, approaches targeting easy-access populations (e.g. pregnant women at antenatal care clinics) to monitor transmission and antimalarial/diagnostic resistance.

Malaria in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal and neonatal death in Papua, Indonesia. A recent trial in Papua showed that monthly intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with the long-acting artemisinin-based combination dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) among pregnant women in the second and third trimester was safe, tolerable and more efficacious than the current policy of single screening at antenatal care (ANC) booking and treatment of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-positive cases. The Ministry of Health (MOH) Indonesia now plans to pilot the strategy in the routine health system in Papua, Indonesia. This study will assess the programme effectiveness of IPTp-DP delivery through antenatal care services and women's adherence to the monthly 3-day DP treatment regimen in a 'real life' setting. The study will be undertaken in ten community health centres in the lowlands and their associated health posts in Timika city. In the first 18 months, MOH will be trained to implement the intervention using quality improvement (QI) approaches to continuously strengthen service delivery, uptake and adherence through plan-do-study-act cycles. The MOH will also be supported to collect safety data for pharmacovigilance. A mixed-methods evaluation will be conducted towards the end of the pilot using exit interviews to assess delivery effectiveness, home visits to assess adherence, and qualitative research to explore provider perceptions of the drivers of successful integration and scalability, and user acceptability. The primary outcome is adherence, defined as the proportion of pregnant women who receive the first dose of IPTp-DP by directly observed therapy (DOT) at ANC, have received the correct number of DP tablets for subsequent doses, and when visited at home have verified they completed the course. The net cost-effectiveness of implementing IPTp-DP and of the current policy of single screening and treatment (SST) in the routine health system will be assessed and compared. Net cost-effectiveness means that cost savings from averted malaria will be deducted from the intervention costs. The incremental financial cost of implementing IPTp-DP from the provider (MOH) perspective at scale in Papua, Indonesia, will also be estimated.

This study is a prospective observational study in which a female patient who received IV Artesunate while pregnant can volunteer to provide information about her pregnancy and the outcome of her pregnancy. Information will be collected from patient's provider, the patient's obstetrician, the child's pediatrician, or other relevant healthcare provider.

This project will conduct pragmatic operational research in rural communities served by approximately 12 health centres and 120 village malaria workers in Battambang/Pailin, western Cambodia. This study is funded by Global Fund/Regional Artemisinin Initiative (RAI3E). The grant reference number is QSE-M-UNOPS-MORU-20864-007-42

The aim of this study is to investigate if diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome affects disease presentation and severity of malaria in adults in a hospital setting in Cameroon.