Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

Prevention of malaria in pregnancy is critical given the high incidence of malaria in Zambia and its serious impact on both maternal and infant survival. Intermittent presumptive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been shown to be highly efficacious for reducing the risk of malaria in pregnancy. However, based on a study done in western Kenya, HIV-infected pregnant women may need more frequent dosing of SP, i.e., on a monthly basis rather than the standard 2-dose regimen given during the second and third trimesters, as HIV appears to reduce the effectiveness of the SP drug combination. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the standard dosing regimen in comparison to an intensive monthly SP dosing schedule in HIV-positive women.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of azithromycin combination therapy with artesunate for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Bangladesh.

The primary objective of this trial is to study the safety of the combination methylene blue (MB)-artesunate (AS) and MB-amodiaquine (AQ) in treating malaria among children compared to the safety of an AS-AQ regimen. The secondary objective is to investigate the efficacy of MB-AS and MB-AQ.

Malaria is a sickness caused by a germ that can get into a person's body when a mosquito bites them. It can cause fever, headache, body aches and weakness. It can even cause death, especially in children. When malaria is treated with the appropriate medicine(s), it can be cured completely. The purpose of this study is to find out if it is better to use chloroquine alone or in combination with another drug to most effectively treat malaria. About 640 children with malaria, aged 6 months to 5 years of age, from the Blantyre Malaria Project Research Clinic at the Ndirande Health Center in Malawi will be in the study. They will be treated with either chloroquine alone or a combination of chloroquine plus another medication (azithromycin or artesunate or atovaquone-proguanil) every time they get malaria for a year. Blood samples will be collected and tested at least every 4 weeks. Participants will be involved in the study for 1 year.

The purpose of this study is to compare different ways of treating uncomplicated malaria in a group of Ugandan children. The study will be divided into 2 parts. Part 1 of the study will consist of 600 children, ages 1-10, living in the Mulago III Parish of Kampala. Approximately 90 children living in the same household as children from the Phase 1 portion of the study will be enrolled in Phase II of this study. Participants in Phase II of the study will receive an insecticide treated net to cover their bed. Over the course of the study, participants will be tested for malaria when they present to the clinic with a fever or illness. Participants that test positive for malaria will be given 1 of 3 possible study drug combinations. Study procedures will include physical exams and blood samples. Children will participate for about 3 years. Protocol 05-0110 is a study related to this protocol.

Plasmodium falciparum malaria and HIV are among the most important infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately two-thirds of the estimated 35 million HIV infected persons live in sub-Saharan Africa. Of the 300-500 million annual cases of malaria infection occurring worldwide, about 90% of P. falciparum infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in approximately 1 million deaths, mostly in children under five years of age. It is clear that HIV and malaria are responsible for substantial disease, suffering, and an enormous economic burden on the people who can least afford it. Although a study in 1993 in Tanzania showed significantly higher prevalence of malaria infections in HIV-positive compared to HIV negative adults, until recently there have been few studies showing any association between the two infections. We conducted a study to measure the efficacy of the then-first line antimalarial drug (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) among patients in three study arms: those who were HIV negative, those who were HIV infected with CD4 cell counts < 200, and among HIV infected patients with CD4 cell counts >= 200. Our hypothesis is that patients with HIV infection and low CD4 cell count will not respond to antimalarial therapy as well as patients who are HIV infected with higher CD4 cell counts or who are HIV negative.

Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) to current antimalarial drugs and the continuing development of resistance to new antimalarial formulations is one of the major obstacles to effective malaria control and case management. Efficient, comprehensive and validated methods for monitoring drug resistance in advance of the development of resistance to the antimalarial drugs that are in use are urgently needed. Molecular markers of genetic polymorphisms that give rise to resistant P. falciparum parasites and methods in population genetics for evaluating the data can be valuable tools for monitoring drug resistance in the field. This study aims to: Prospectively measure the in vivo response of P. falciparum malaria in Mali to several different antimalarial drugs and drug combinations: chloroquine (CQ), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), amodiaquine (AQ), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in combination with amodiaquine (SP/AQ), amodiaquine in combination with artesunate (AQ/AS), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in combination with artesunate (SP/AS), and artemether-lumefantrine (Co-artem). In one site with preliminary data showing a high rate of P. falciparum resistance to mefloquine (MQ), this drug will also be tested. Measure the frequencies of molecular markers for antimalarial drug resistance, and examine how those results relate to the efficacy of these drugs in treating clinical malaria Measure drug levels at 3 days and correlate with efficacy results. Examine early clinical, parasitologic, and clinical predictors of late treatment failure. Use the knowledge gained in Aims 1-3 to develop a molecular tool for a countrywide resistance surveillance system for antimalarial drugs.

Previous investigations indicate that methotrexate, an old anticancer drug, could be used at low doses to treat malaria. This is a phase I evaluation to assess the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of this drug in healthy adult male Kenyan volunteers.

The purpose of this study is to assess safety and tolerability of escalating doses of a genetically attenuated parasite malaria vaccine (p52-/p36- GAP vaccine) in healthy malaria-naive adults. The study will also assess preliminary efficacy of p52-/p36- GAP vaccine following primary experimental challenge with P. falciparum sporozoites. Lastly, the study will assess immunogenicity of p52-/p36- GAP in malaria-naïve healthy adults and preliminary efficacy of p52-/p36- GAP vaccine following primary experimental re-challenge with P. falciparum sporozoites.

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of Artemether Sublingual Spray (ArTiMist™) with intravenous quinine in children with severe or complicated falciparum malaria, or children with uncomplicated malaria with gastrointestinal complications.