Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

Reactive treatment of household contacts of a confirmed malaria case has been shown to reduce infection prevalence since the former as they are at an increased risk of infection. However, implementing this on a programmatic scale poses significant pressure on the health system and may not be sustainable without the active involvement of the recipient community. This study investigates a novel approach to reducing residual malaria transmission that combines the elements of active community involvement in reactive treatment of household contacts of a clinical case reporting at a health facility. The investigators hypothesize that in areas of low transmission (prevalence of infection ≤10%), most asymptomatic carriers are clustered around clinical malaria cases in the same households. Also, targeting individuals sharing a sleeping area with diagnosed malaria case will reduce parasite carriage in the community. This is a cluster-randomized trial where villages in Central and Upper Baddibu, North Bank East Region of The Gambia, are randomized to receive either reactive treatment of household contacts following a confirmed case of malaria or standard care, i.e. treatment of index case only. Formative research into community perception and reaction to self-administered treatment will be used to generate, adapt and evaluate messages that encourage adherence and compliance to treatment. This will be tested in the first year of the implementation, and findings used to develop a final model of messages to be implemented in the second year of the study. The primary outcome is the prevalence of malaria infection, determined by molecular methods, in all age groups at the end of the second intervention year and the incidence of clinical malaria during the transmission season.

The aim of this study is to address this gap in knowledge by measuring the level of patient adherence to co-formulated amodiaquine and artesunate (AQ-AS) compared to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) under routine conditions in Sierra Leone and explore the key factors that influence adherence. This will be addressed through a mixed methods study that will provide not only a measurement of adherence ACTs and malaria test results, but will also provide contextual information in order to better understand factors that affect adherence. Data will be collected through a series of interviews with health workers and parents/caregivers and through observations of patient-provider consultations. The first stage of the study begins with semi-structured interviews and observations of patients/caretakers' consultations with health workers and will look at how health workers diagnose and treat malaria. This will be followed by short exit interviews at the health facility with caregivers to assess patient satisfaction with services, as well as to test the consistency between the data obtained through structured observations and the exit interviews. Follow-up surveys at the homes of patients will be used to measure and compare the adherence of participants to two different ACTs (AQAS and AL) formulations and potential factors that affect adherence. Additionally, data will be collected using in-depth interviews to collect supplementary information in order to discover, in more detail, factors that may affect behavioral choices and/or attitudes with regard to adherence.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether computerised cognitive rehabilitation training improves cognition in children who have had cerebral malaria.

The primary objective is to confirm the hypothesis that azithromycin used in combination with chloroquine is non-inferior to artemether- Lumefantrine for the treatment of symptomatic, uncomplicated malaria due to P. falciparum in children in African countries.

The purpose of this study was to provide stronger evidence for extended-dose chloroquine treatment of falciparum-positive Afghan refugees in Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan or justification for discontinuation of the policy.

The treatment of symptomatic, uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum in adults.

A single dose study to investigate how different formulations of OZ439 co-administered with PQP tablest are processed by the body when taken without food

Anemia is still a main public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Anemic women have an increased maternal and perinatal mortality and anemic adults have diminished work capacity. In sub-Saharan Africa, the etiology of anemia is multifactoral; the major causes are low dietary bioavailability and chronic parasitic infections such as malaria. These causes are likely to interact because infection and infection-associated inflammation may impair the utilization and absorption of iron. Therefore, the control of parasite infections may be important to improve iron bioavailability from foods. Malaria infections are endemic in northern Benin. To investigate the contribution of asymptomatic malaria (a positive blood smear for malarial parasites but without clinical symptoms of fever, headache or malaise) to anemia, we are planning a human iron absorption study in Benin. We will recruit adults with asymptomatic malaria infection. The iron absorption and utilization of the study subjects will be studied while infected, then they will be treated to clear their infections, and then iron absorption and utilization will be restudied. Iron absorption will be determined by incorporation of labeled iron into erythrocytes, 14 days after the administration of a test meal containing labeled iron (stable isotope technique). Subjects will be men and non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding women with a body weight < 65 kg and between the age of 18 - 30 years. The results of this study will provide important information on the influence of malaria infections on iron absorption and utilization in humans. The study will provide insight into the potential necessity of malaria control to ensure iron bioavailability from foods in developing countries.

No pediatric formulations of quinine exist. Therefore, quinine tablets are broken into 2 or 4 parts, according to the body weight. Based on the body weight, 1/2 or 1/4 a tablet is administered to the child. At this moment, quinine sulphate pellets are developed. These pellets enable an adequate dosing according to the body weight. 56 children with malaria will be dosed every 8 hours during 7 days with 10-15mg/kg body weight.

A healthy volunteer study to characterise the exposure of the two study medications, following administration of OZ439 + TPGS granules with piperaquine phosphate granules (intended for children) and with piperaquine phosphate tablets (intended for adults). Ideally, to confirm the exposure demonstrated in an earlier bioavailability study.