Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

Malaria in pregnancy contributes substantially to maternal anaemia and low birth weight: effective malaria control in pregnancy could avoid about 10,000 maternal and up to 200,000 infant deaths every year. Intermittent preventive treatment with the drug sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP), administered at least twice during routine antenatal clinics, is recommended by the World Health Organization for areas of moderate to high malaria transmission, including Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies carried out in Kenya and Malawi before 2004 had showed that two doses of IPTp-SP significantly reduce maternal anaemia, placental malaria parasitaemia and low birth weight. However, in countries where this strategy had been introduced as part of national policy, the coverage of the target population has varied widely, with estimates of 33-93% for uptake of one dose and 24-68% for two doses, and no country had reached the goal of 80% of pregnant women receiving at least 2 doses of IPTp. New approaches designed to improve IPTp coverage were therefore urgently needed. This study was therefore set up in 2002, in order to evaluate the additional effect of a targeted promotional campaign on antenatal clinics utilization and on coverage and uptake of Intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in a rural health district in Burkina Faso; and to investigate the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine compared with weekly chloroquine, in order to provide additional evidence to the Burkinabé Ministry of Health for an impending policy change.

Twenty-four (24) clusters, each containing between 250-300 houses were selected throughout Bioko Island to be sprayed with either a long lasting pyrethroid insecticide, K-Othrine SC 62.5, or a bendiocarb insecticide, FICAM. Parasite prevalence in children aged 2-14 was measured before and after the application of insecticide.

The main aim of this study is to test the primary hypothesis that the addition of intermittent screening and treatment of malaria in pregnant women (ISTp) who receive routine antenatal care (ANC) in health facilities in high malaria transmission areas in Rwanda will reduce malaria prevalence among pregnant women when compared to routine antenatal cares services alone.

Background: The disease malaria affects many people in Mali and other parts of Africa and the world. It is caused by germs spread by mosquito bites. Malaria may be mild. But it can also be serious or lead to death if it is not treated promptly. Researchers want to find a safe vaccine that prevents malaria. Objective: To study how safe and tolerable the malaria vaccine called PfSPZ Vaccine is for healthy adults. Eligibility: Healthy adults: ages 18-35 in Ouelessebougou, Mali not infected with HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C for females, not pregnant or breastfeeding and must use reliable birth control during the study Design: Participants will be screened with questions about malaria and will undergo blood, urine, and heart tests. Participants will be randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. They will get injections of either the PfSPZ Vaccine or a salt-water placebo. They will not know which one they get. Vaccinations will occur leading into the malaria transmission each year with 3 injections leading into Year 1 (malaria transmission season in 2018) and 1 injection prior to Year 2 (malaria transmission season 2019). One vaccine group and one placebo group will get an injection 3 times over 4 weeks with an additional vaccination ~10 months later. The other two groups (vaccine group and placebo) will get an injection 3 times over 16 weeks with an additional vaccination ~10 months later. All participants will be treated with an antimalarial medication prior to the third injection and prior to fourth injection. They will be followed for approximately 6 months after third and fourth injection. At vaccine visits, female participants will have a pregnancy test before injection. All participants will have an arm cleaned and the vaccine injected in a vein. They will be watched for 30 minutes. At non-vaccine visits, participants will have a physical exam and be asked how they are feeling. They will usually have blood tests.

This will be a double-blinded randomized controlled phase III trial of 300 HIV uninfected pregnant women and the children born to them. The study interventions will be divided into two phases. In the first phase, HIV uninfected women at 12-20 weeks gestation will be randomized in equal proportions to one of three intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) treatment arms: 1) 3 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), 2) 3 doses of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), or 3) monthly DP. All three interventions arms will have either SP or DP placebo to ensure adequate blinding is achieved. Follow-up for the pregnant women will end approximately 6 weeks after giving birth. In the second phase of the study, all children born to mothers enrolled in the study will be followed from birth until they reach 36 months of age. Children born to mothers randomized to receive 3 doses of SP during pregnancy will receive DP every 3 months between 2-24 months of age. Children born to mothers randomized to receive 3 doses of DP or monthly DP during pregnancy will receive either DP every 3 months or monthly DP between 2-24 months of age. To ensure adequate blinding, children who will receive DP every 3 months will be given DP placebo during the months they will not be taking DP. Children will then be followed an additional year between 24-36 months of age following the interventions. We will test the hypothesis that IPT with DP will significantly reduce the burden of malaria in pregnancy and infancy and improve the development of naturally acquired antimalarial immunity.

Background: Malaria is still a health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. Death rates are stable and have even increased in some areas. There are malaria vaccines. However, researchers think repeated immunizations with a vaccine called PfSPZ may work better. Objective: To see if PfSPZ is safe, tolerable, and effective against malaria. Eligibility: Healthy adults ages 18 to 50 years who live in the Doneguebougou area in Mali Design: Participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam. Participants will sign or fingerprint the consent form. They will take a survey to see how well they understand the study. Participants will give blood and urine samples. Participants will have at least one ECG: Soft electrodes will be stuck to the skin. A machine will record heart signals. Participants will have HIV counseling. Participants will be assigned to a group. Groups will get a different strength doses. Groups will get a different number of vaccines over different periods of time. If a participant develops a rash or injection site reaction, photographs may be taken. Participants will receive an oral anti-malaria drug during the study. Participants will be monitored for 3 to 6 months after the last vaccine.

The proposed study is a four-arm randomized control trial (RCT) in 48 villages in the Lakes region in Tanzania comparing the relative effectiveness of 4 vector control interventions for reducing malaria transmission and controlling vector populations in an area where An gambiae s.s is pyrethroid and carbamate resistant: 1/ a standard long lasting insecticidal net (LLIN), 2/ a LLIN which incorporates a piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist, 3/ a long lasting indoor residual spray (IRS) formulation used in conjunction with standard pyrethroid LLIN or 4/ the long lasting indoor residual spray (IRS) formulation used in conjunction with the LLIN which incorporates a PBO synergist. The trial will provide epidemiological, entomological, economic and social evidence of impact, as the investigators shall be measuring the reductions in malaria prevalence and malaria transmission rates EIR, and changes in the frequency of resistance, mosquito species ratios and economic cost effectiveness. The proposed trial will demonstrate whether the novel LLIN and long lasting IRS formulation will be more effective for controlling An.gambiae s.s. and reducing malaria prevalence than current practice with the conventional LLIN. There is great interest in conducting this trial. Alternative vector control products are limited and most new insecticides are not suitable for use on LLINs or as IRS.

This study is to assess the safety, tolerability, and biomarkers of protection in healthy malaria-naïve adults, who will receive bites from Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes either infected with Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites (PfRAS) (true-immunization) or noninfected (mock-immunization).

Background: - People bitten by mosquitoes carrying weakened malaria parasites could fight off the disease if later exposed to normal malaria parasites. Scientists have discovered how to make the weakened parasites, which can be injected by the PfSPZ vaccine. Researchers want to see if people who receive the vaccine get malaria after being bitten in a controlled setting (a controlled human malaria infection, CHMI). Objective: - To see if the PfSPZ malaria vaccine is safe and prevents malaria in a controlled setting. Eligibility: - Healthy adults 18 45 years old. Design: Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, blood and lab tests, and EKG. Participants will be split into 8 groups, to be in the study for 3 12 months. Participants will receive 3 5 vaccinations, injected by a needle in an arm vein or muscle. Participants will keep a health diary and be contacted by phone. For CHMI, a cup with mosquitoes carrying malaria is applied to participants arm for 5 minutes. Five mosquitoes at a time are used, until 5 have bitten. Some groups will be exposed to malaria more than once. After CHMI, participants will visit the clinic very frequently (including daily visits for 12 days) for 28 days. Blood will be drawn at most visits, from 1 to 20 tubes. Physical exam and medical history may also be repeated Participants who develop malaria will be treated immediately at the clinic. Standard treatment takes 72 hours. Malaria symptoms may last up to 3 days.

The purpose of this study is to assess efficacy and safety of a single low-dose Primaquine added to standard artemether/lumefantrine treatment for the clearance of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes among patients with uncomplicated malaria aged 1 year and above regardless of their G6PD status.