Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

This is an open label, Phase 2 study with controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Twenty three subjects will be enrolled into 2 groups (15 subjects in the Chloroquine-Azithromycin [CQ/AZ] Intervention Group, and 8 subjects in the Chloroquine [CQ] Group). The CQ/AZ Group will receive experimental intervention of 300 mg of CQ and 2 g of azithromycin (AZ). The CQ Group will receive 300 mg of CQ only. All subjects will participate in the CHMI and will be required to stay at a hotel for evaluation for a maximum of 14 nights starting 7 days after the challenge. A standard dose of atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone®) will be administered to all symptomatic parasitemic subjects under directly observed treatment.

Randomized controlled single blind prospective comparative study

This is a randomized trial in which caregivers of children suffering from malaria will be assigned to two treatment conditions to prevent mental health problems in the children. A psycho-education arm (control) and a behavioral arm (intervention). Pre- and post-intervention assessments for behavioral problems in the child and mother will be carried out.

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate safety and tolerability of PfSPZ Vaccine administered as five doses of 9.0x10^5 PfSPZ or normal saline at 0, +2, +4, +6 and +28 days to healthy HIV negative adult volunteers and healthy HIV positive volunteers in Tanzania.

The purpose of this study is to assess the immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of the SB257049 candidate malaria vaccine when co-administered with Vitamin A, measles, rubella and yellow fever vaccines to children aged 6 months at the first vaccination.

Despite having developed robust acquired immunity against complications of malaria, women can return to a susceptible state during their first pregnancies and contribute significantly to the burden of severe malaria in highly endemic areas. Naturally acquired protection against placental malaria correlates with the presence of high concentration of immunoglobulin G molecules (IgGs) against VAR2CSA, a parasite protein of the var gene family that is essential for the binding of infected erythrocytes to CSA in the placenta. To induce high concentrations of specific IgGs, subjects will receive escalating doses of PAMVAC vaccine antigen adjuvanted with Alhydrogel, Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant-Stable Emulsion (GLA-SE) or Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant-Liposome-QS-21 Formulation (GLA-LSQ). Three injections with the same dosage and adjuvant will be done, each 28 days apart (Day 0, 28 and 56). Control subjects will receive physiological saline instead of the vaccine and dose escalation will be staggered to ensure safety during the trial.

MAVACHE is a sequential dose and schedule optimization trial of intravenous immunization with PfSPZ Vaccine in 18 to 54 malaria-naïve, healthy adult volunteers receiving 9x10^5, 1.35x10^6, or 2.7x10^6 PfSPZ per dose and a total dose between 2.7x10^6 and 8.1x10^6 PfSPZ followed by CHMI with 3,200 fully infectious PfSPZ (PfSPZ Challenge). PfSPZ Challenge (7G8) to assess vaccine efficacy, safety, tolerability and infectivity of ascending PfSPZ doses will be assessed in healthy, malaria-naïve volunteers.

The overall goal is to validate efficacy and potential superiority of dried leaf Artemisia annua (DLA) vs. artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) to cure malaria and to demonstrate elimination of the transmission stage (gametocytes) of the disease. This is a 3 arm trial in Democratic Republic of Congo covering 600 total adult and pediatric patients. Final validation of infection from dried blood samples will be done at WPI.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether Malarone ®, which is a drug approved to prevent malaria when taken daily, will still effectively prevent malaria if taken weekly.

Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are now the treatment of choice for malaria in non-pregnant individuals living in areas with established chloroquine resistance; they have been shown to be both safe and highly efficacious. There is rapidly increasing experience with artemisinin derivatives in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, with over 1,000 well documented cases with no reported serious adverse effects to mother or fetus (WHO Malaria Treatment Guidelines, 2006). Many countries in Latin America have abandoned the previous 1st line regimen of Quinine-Clindamycin for treatment of malaria in pregnancy, a complex and poorly tolerated regimen with low adherence, in favor of ACTs, despite limited safety and pharmacokinetic data on the use of these compounds in pregnant women. Lack of pharmacokinetic data may lead to underdosing of pregnant women, with subsequent reduced efficacy and increased potential for development of resistance. One ACT regimen, Artesunate-Mefloquine, has been developed as a fixed-dose combination (Farmanguinhos Artesunato + Mefloquina), as part of an international collaborative research effort led by Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), and manufactured by Farmanguinhos, laboratory of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Initial clinical trials suggest that it is very well tolerated and efficacious in both pregnant and non-pregnant individuals. The convenient dosing afforded by a fixed drug combination make this a very promising candidate for treatment of pregnant women with malaria. Preliminary pharmacokinetic data from mefloquine monotherapy and prophylaxis suggest that the peak concentration of mefloquine is lowered in pregnant women. Prior to wide-spread adoption of the Artesunate-Mefloquine combination, further studies on safety, efficacy, and dose optimization are imperative. We propose to compare the pharmacokinetics of the fixed combination of mefloquine-artesunate (MA) for treatment of P.falciparum in 28 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters to the pharmacokinetics of this regimen in 28 matched non-pregnant P.falciparum infected women. This will allow us to determine whether the standard adult dose is sufficient for pregnant women.