Active clinical trials for "Malaria"

National malaria control strategies in pregnant women relies primarily on effective case management along with the use of long lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs)throughout pregnancy and intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in the second and third trimesters in malaria-endemic regions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For the latter, 3 or more doses are recommended by the national malaria control program (NMCP) but available data suggests that only 19% of eligible women received this in 2016 despite observed high attendance to antenatal clinic (ANC). Adherence to IPTp may be affected by perceptions, acceptability and contextual factors that need to be understood and therefore improve the effectiveness of this health interventions. In addition, all malaria cases should be confirmed either by microscopy or using a rapid diagnostic test (RDTs) before any treatment. Despite the crucial role of RDTs in improving malaria case management SSA, many malaria cases are missed in pregnant women due to the power performance of recommended RDTs which are unable to detect very low parasitaemia. Identifying lower density infections in pregnant women by the use of highly-sensitive RDTs and clearing them with an effective ACT could improve the outcome of the pregnancy in addition to IPTp-SP.

Most malaria deaths occur within 48 hours of onset of symptoms, and in rural areas with poor access to health facilities, home management of malaria (HMM) can improve the timeliness of treatment and reduce malaria mortality by up to 50%. In order to maximize both coverage and impact, artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) should be deployed in HMM programmes, as well as in formal health facilities. Up to 80% of malaria cases are treated outside the formal health sector and shops are frequently visited as the first (and in some cases only) source of treatment. Strategies to deploy ACTs in Africa thus also need to examine the role of shops in home management and to ensure that drugs sold are appropriate. The current practice of presumptive treatment of any febrile illness as malaria (both at health facilities and in the context of HMM) based solely on clinical symptoms without routine laboratory confirmation, results in significant over-use of antimalarial drugs. With ACT being a more costly regimen, it is important to be more restrictive in its administration and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) provide a simple means of confirming malaria diagnosis in remote locations lacking electricity and qualified health staff. This study therefore proposes to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of using RDTs to improve malaria diagnosis and treatment by ocal drug shops in an area with high malaria transmission.

The purpose of this study is to test prevention strategies for pregnancy-related malaria. Researchers will compare different malaria treatments and treatment schedules which include chloroquine therapy (weekly doses versus being dosed twice during pregnancy for 3 days each time) to the standard practice of preventive treatment intervals in pregnancy (with the drug sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine given twice during pregnancy). Participants will include 900 pregnant women, who will be assigned to one of three treatment groups. Blood samples will be collected at every visit before birth and any time the participant is ill to determine if malaria is present. Pregnant women will be monitored during pregnancy and newborns will be assessed at birth and followed until about 14 weeks. Participant involvement in the study is expected to last about 12 months.

The aim of the malaria vaccine program of the MVI/GSK partnership is to develop an efficacious malaria vaccine that is deliverable through the existing system, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) of WHO. This study has been designed to: Investigate the safety and immunogenicity of 7 infant immunization schedules of the experimental malaria vaccine integrated with an EPI regimen. Investigate how to maximize the antibody response to the experimental malaria vaccine.

The investigators hypothesize that schoolchildren treated with IPT using DP over one year of follow-up will have a different risk of clinical malaria compared to those treated with placebo.

A Phase III malaria prevention trial was conducted in two camps of Liberian refugees in Sierra Leone using Insecticide Treated Polyethylene Sheeting (ITPS) or untreated polyethylene sheeting (UPS) randomly deployed to defined sectors of each camp. The ITPS was impregnated with pyrethroid insecticide during manufacture. In Largo camp the ITPS or UPS was attached to inner walls and ceilings of shelters, while in Tobanda the ITPS or UPS was used to line the ceiling and roof only. Cohorts of children up to 3 years of age were cleared of malaria parasites and monitored for up to 8 months post construction for possible malaria re-infection. Installation teams and refugee groups were blinded as to whether the sheeting was insecticide treated or not.

This is an open label phase I study, to assess the safety of a novel malaria vaccine, AdCh63 CS, simian adenovirus encoding Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen, Circumsporozoite protein. All volunteers recruited will be healthy adults. They will be primed with various doses of AdCh63 CS administered intramuscularly. Some of the volunteers will receive a booster vaccination with MVA CS administered via intramuscular route. Safety data will be collected for each vaccination regimen. Secondary aim of this study will be to assess the immune responses generated by vaccination.

Infants in malaria-endemic regions of Africa are an important target for vaccination against malaria in view of the enormous disease burden of malaria in this population. The purpose of this trial is to assess the safety and immunogenicity of MVA ME-TRAP and AdCH63 ME-TRAP candidate vaccines in healthy children in a malaria endemic region. The regimen proposed here has protected non-immune volunteers in Oxford against sporozoite challenge, and so may be protective against naturally acquired infection in the Gambia. Administration of AdCh63 ME-TRAP and MVA ME-TRAP to infants in this study will occur at intervals of at least two weeks from the administration of routine infant immunisations, given according to the Gambian EPI.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lower doses of primaquine compared to the dose recommended by the WHO for reducing P. falciparum gametocytes in the infected human host to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria to the anopheles mosquito vector.

The purpose of this trial is to assess the safety and immunogenicity of AdCh63 ME-TRAP and MVA ME-TRAP candidate vaccines in healthy adult volunteers in a malaria endemic region. The regime proposed in this trial has protected non-immune volunteers against sporozoite challenge in clinical trials performed by Oxford, and so may be protective against naturally acquired infection in Kenya.The study population will comprise 30 healthy adult males aged 18-50. The investigators do not propose to include a placebo group. At this stage the investigators objective is to describe the safety profile in a small number of individuals, and the confidence intervals for the proportion of individuals with a particular event would be too wide for meaningful comparison with a placebo group. Immunogenicity will be judged by comparison with baseline.