Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

Fever can develop after fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) in about 2.5 - 16 % of adult patients. We evaluated the impact of oral amoxicillin/clavulanate (AC) on incidence of postbronchoscopic fever and pneumonia.

To rapidly adapt or deescalate the initially broad antibiotic treatment, an antibiogram analysis is required. E test strips have successfully provided an antibiogram 24 h after having been directly applied to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). An open-label, prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia will be conducted with the aim of validating a new method increasing the rapidity of antibiogram analysis compared to standard methods of culture. This antibiogram will be provided by E test strips directly applied to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and analyzed from the 6th up to the 24th hour after its completion. The occurrence of major errors (S with E test method, I or R with standard method) and minor errors (I or R with E test method and S with standard method)will be observed and a comparison of H6, H10 and H24 results performed.

Pneumonia is the fourth leading cause of death and frequently occurs in institutionalized elderly people in Japan. Recently, several clinical and experimental studies have reported the importance of vitamin D in the regulation of immune functions and its deficiency is associated with susceptibility to some infections. In the present study, the investigators hypothesize that deficiency of serum vitamin D is associated with development of pneumonia, and supplementation of vitamin D may lower the incidence of pneumonia and prolong survival in institutionalized elderly subjects.

The purpose of this study is determine if topical oral application of a chlorhexidine antimicrobial spray will significantly reduce pneumonia and respiratory infections, and improve oral health compared to a placebo solution in nursing home residents.

Objective: To evaluate PCT as a marker of bacterial community acquired pneumonia in a Danish Hospital setting. To test if it is possible to reduce the use of antibiotics and the length of stay in hospital, and the willingness of the clinicians to take this new marker under advisement in their choice of treatment. The study is a randomised, controlled intervention study. All adult patients admitted to the Department of Infectious Disease at Skejby hospital suspected of a lower respiratory tract infection (e.g. CAP, acute exacerbation of COPD and bronchitis) are eligible for inclusion. Patients are randomised to have either PCT guided treatment or standard care, in which case the doctor will not learn the PCT test result. In the PCT group the antibiotic treatment will be based on serum PCT as follows: If PCT is less than 0.25 µg/L antibiotic treatment is discouraged; if PCT is greater than 0.25 µg/L antibiotic treatment is encouraged and if PCT is greater than 0.5 µg/L antibiotic treatment is strongly encouraged. The treating doctor is allowed to overrule the treatment guidelines. The control group will receive antibiotics according to usual practice. The primary endpoints are antibiotic use and length of stay in hospital. Secondary endpoint is the proportion of patients where the treating doctor chooses to disregard the guidelines.

The purpose of this study is to assess microbiologic concordance rates between right- and left-lung bronchoalveolar lavage cultures from patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia, identify predictors of concordance, and evaluate the impact of discordant microbiology on clinicians' ability to prescribe appropriate antibiotic treatments, the investigators conducted a prospective observational study in the general intensive care unit of a large university hospital.

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important health problem with significant morbidity, mortality and cost. The most identified pathogen in CAP is Streptococcus pneumoniae. This was also the causative agent most frequently found in the Ovidius and Triple-P study, two consecutive clinical trials initiated by the St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein. Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia can be based on positive blood cultures, sputum cultures, urine antigen testing or a serotype specific antibody response. When pneumococcal pneumonia is diagnosed by a positive culture, a matching serotype specific antibody response is expected. However not all patients in the Ovidius and Triple-P study with a culture proven pneumococcal pneumonia showed an antibody response against the infecting pneumococcal serotype. Patients who survived pneumococcal pneumonia are considered as a high-risk population for pneumococcal disease in the future. Possibly these patients have an impaired immune response against S. pneumoniae. In this study, pneumococcal vaccination of patients with S. pneumoniae CAP in the past enables investigating their immune response after vaccination compared to patients with CAP due another causative agent. Furthermore this study provides information to determine if there is a difference in vaccination response between pneumococcal pneumonia patients who had a culture matching serotype specific antibody response and between pneumococcal pneumonia patients who failed to elicit this response previously. Possibly these latter patients had a temporarily low titre due to the infection but another explanation is that there might be a structurally impaired immune response against S. pneumoniae or certain serotypes.

The hypothesis is that adding the toothbrushing to the oral care with clorhexidine 0.12% could be reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to that oral cavity may be an important reservoir of pathogens that could cause pneumonia.

This proposed study seeks to community knowledge and understand the experience of underserved communities in the exploration of reducing health disparities and increasing vaccine uptake and acceptability COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia for AA and Latinx populations. Unique in its design, it has the following characteristics: 1) multifaceted, 2) culturally tailored, 3) community-based, and 4) mixed methods in which the outcomes of interest will be measured before and after the intervention with 18-month interval. Furthermore, we seek to enhance our partnerships and collaborations with churches in South Los Angeles by supporting efforts to encourage COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia vaccination uptake among underserved minorities in one of the most challenged and hard-to-reach population areas in the nation.

The purpose of the COVIDNOCHE trial (HFNO versus CPAP Helmet Evaluation in COVID-19 Pneumonia) is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of standard care non-invasive respiratory support (helmet CPAP versus HFNO) for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure from COVID-19 pneumonia on ventilator-free days (primary outcome) and other clinical outcomes measured up to 90 days.