Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

Understudied drugs will be administered to children per standard of care as prescribed by their treating caregiver and only biological sample collection during the time of drug administration will be involved. A total of approximately 7000 children aged <21 years who are receiving these drugs for standard of care will be enrolled and will be followed for up a maximum of 90 days. The goal of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics of understudied drugs for which specific dosing recommendations and safety data are lacking. The prescribing of drugs to children will not be part of this protocol. Taking advantage of procedures done as part of routine medical care (i.e. blood draws) this study will serve as a tool to better understand drug exposure in children receiving these drugs per standard of care. The data collected through this initiative will also provide valuable pharmacokinetic and dosing information of drugs in different pediatric age groups as well as special pediatric populations (i.e. obese).

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in ventilated critically ill patients specially in intensive care unit (ICU). It is associated with an increased duration of mechanical ventilation, high death rates and increased healthcare costs in China. However, VAP is preventable and many practices have been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of this disease, but the morbidity is still so high. So much more methods of prevention should be needed to reduce the incidence of VAP. Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) present anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects besides their ability to regulate cholesterol composition. So it is hypothesized that early use of statin may prevent some of the infection disease such as VAP. Actually, Two studies have showed that statin treatment is associated with reduced risk of pneumonia. However, the relationship between statins and reduced risk of pneumonia is not consistent. After reviewing some of the guidelines,meta analyses and system reviews, the investigator find that advanced age,immune suppression from disease or medication and specially depressed level of consciousness are the risk factors of VAP. So the investigator assumes that early use of statin may give us a favorable outcome in the patients with coma or in the patients with severe disease (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score > 15 or Glasgow coma score < 7). In addition there is no prospective study to investigate the role of statins in VAP in the patients with ischemic stroke. The investigator hopes that this study can approve the relationship between statins and reduced risk of VAP in the patients with ischemic stroke. And it can improve the processes,outcomes and costs of critical care as well.

The purpose of this study is to collect additional data on hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) on health states, health outcomes and on (health) resources and estimate the differences in the quality of life and resources of elderly persons with and without CAP.

The aim of this post-marketing observational study (PMOS) is to describe the relief of symptoms, tolerability and compliance of treatment with Klacid®SR in a dose 1000 mg once daily in patients with lower respiratory tract infection or in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) or mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

In this study, subjects meeting criteria will be enrolled and randomized to one of two different suctioning schemes, either continuous or intermittent. Accumulated secretions will be collected above the cuff on the breathing tube by one of the two methods depending on which group the subject is randomized into. Secretions will continue to be collected at predetermined periods of time for the duration of surgery in order to characterize the pH and volume as well as the micro-organism content.

To describe the relief of symptoms, tolerability, and compliance of treatment with Klacid® sustained release (SR) at a dose of 1000 mg once daily in patients with acute tracheitis, acute tracheobronchitis, acute bronchitis, or in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or mild community-acquired pneumonia. This postmarketing observational study is non-interventional and is being conducted in a prospective, single-arm, single-country, multicenter format. Klacid SR will be prescribed in usual manner in accordance with the terms of the local market authorization with regards to dose, population, and indication as well as with local guidelines.

The aim of this study is to obtain data from hospitalized Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) patients on the disease including disease severity, clinical signs and symptoms and measures used for diagnosis in daily routine practice as well as data on Avelox® including information on the use, effectiveness, treatment outcome, safety and tolerability. As this is a non-interventional observational study, routine clinical practice is observed. The application of medications follows the normal routines and is decided by the treating physician under recognition of the package insert.

Critically ill patients on a breathing machine are at risk of developing a type of pneumonia called Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia (VAP). The purpose of this study is to determine if regular lung rinses sent for microbiological testing can reduce the time to diagnose VAP. The study also plans to test the accuracy and speed of a new technology, using multiplexed automated digital microscopy, to identify the germs causing the VAP.

The World Health Organization has recommended that developing countries should incorporate pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into their routine immunization schedules. The Kenya Ministry of Health anticipates introducing a new formulation of PCV, PCV10, into the routine childhood immunization schedule in 2010. In the areas of Kenya that have been designated to monitor the impact of vaccine, a catch-up campaign will be implemented to vaccinate children aged 12-59 months. PCV10 has been found to be safe and effective in infants. It is licensed for use in children up to 2 years of age, but its use as a primary series in children over age 12 months has not been evaluated. This study will assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of PCV10 first administered at an age of 12-59 months.

Key words : serum, pleural effusion, procalcitonin, pneumonia Pneumonia is the common cause of pleural effusion (ranged 2nd) and bacterial infection is the main etiology of pneumonia. Procalcitonin, the prohormone of calcitonin, is a 116 amino-acid protein produced by C-cell of the thyroid gland. During severe infection, procalcitonin is probably produced by extra-thyroid tissues and the concentration increased rapidly in bacterial infection but remains low in viral infections. However, the exact origin and pathophysiological role of procalcitonin during sepsis is not clear and it is not a marker of infection as such, since localized infections or infections with no systemic manifestation cause a little if any increase in procalcitonin levels. This study will focus on assessing the value of procalcitonin in pleural effusion for diagnosis, severity and prognosis among community-acquired pneumonia with pleural effusion, such as in serum. 100 patients with clinical pneumonia infection score over six points diagnosed of community-acquired pneumonia and proved to have pleural effusion by chest sonography on admission will be studied prospectively. Serum and effusion procalcitonin levels will be measured initially and 3 days later after medical therapy. Bacterial pneumonia will be identified if bacteria was cultured from any one of the three kinds of specimen, including blood, pleural effusion or bronchoalveolar lavage. Then we will divide one hundred of patients into bacterial or non-bacterial groups. Finally, we will analyze demographic and procalcitonin data of serum and pleural effusion between these two groups and compare the difference between the severe or mild and response or non-response bacterial community-acquired pneumonia statistically. The aim of the study will be to verify whether procalcitonin levels measured in the serum and pleural effusion could serve as a predictor for bacterial community-acquired pneumonia with pleural effusion and the different levels will also be indicative of severity and prognosis. We hope that the predictor from pleural effusion will be more sensitive or specific than that from serum and could be detectable in localized bacterial infection.