Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent healthcare associated infections in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and a significant burden among ICU patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Several preventive and therapeutic treatment options are being developed in the field of VAP that will require evaluation in future randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs are the gold standard for evaluating medical interventions but are difficult to perform in a population at risk of, or with, VAP.

This study aims to generate clinical data on the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of rezafungin combined with 7 days of co-trimoxazole for treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which would expand the knowledge of clinical use of rezafungin.

The primary objective of the study is to evaluate if the efficacy of an experimental strategy on antibiotic treatment duration based on stopping treatment when stability criteria are reached after at least 48 h of treatment, is non-inferior to the efficacy of standard antibiotic duration in CAP patients treated in the hospital setting. As the secondary objectives, the study aims To study if the efficacy of our experimental strategy on antibiotic treatment duration compared to standard of care in CAP patients treated in the hospital setting is non-inferior in terms of: Persistence of cure at Day 30 of antibiotic treatment All-cause mortality rate on Day 30 of antibiotic treatment Patients evolution of pneumonia symptoms and quality of life via 2 scores (CAP score, CAP Sym) at Day 0 of treatment (retrospectively), at stability (Day S), at Day 7 , at Day 15, and at Day 30 of antibiotic treatment. To compare between the 2 study arms at Day 30 of antibiotic treatment: The duration of antibiotic treatment; The length of hospital stay; The frequency and severity of adverse events during the 30 days after the start of treatment. To explore the impact of reduced antibiotic treatment duration for CAP on the oropharyngeal resistome.

Dyspnea is defined by a subjective sensation of respiratory discomfort, the intensity of which varies according to the terrain, the anamnesis and the cause. Resuscitation is associated with many causes of dyspnea, including initial distress, mechanical ventilation, or after-effects following the pathology and its management. Respiratory distress is the most severe form of impaired lung function. It is the first cause of hospitalization in intensive care. This distress, indicative of the failure of the respiratory system, is always severe and potentially fatal. It therefore constitutes an absolute therapeutic emergency. Dyspnea is often the revealing symptom of the condition and the urgency surrounding its management is an additional factor of concern for the patient. As a result, dyspnea is a pejorative element associated with severity or even death. In patients surviving the initial condition, dyspnea persists and can be found months or even years later, despite the initial rehabilitation. It is strongly associated with anxiety or even the fear of dying and contributes to the occurrence of post-traumatic stress syndromes. This persistent sensation of respiratory discomfort, limiting the patient's autonomy in his activities of daily living, seems to be able to reduce his quality of life. In addition, the perpetuation of this dyspnea could favor a spiral of deconditioning causing a progressive deterioration of the cardio-respiratory system justifying new hospitalizations. In patients with chronic respiratory failure, exercise rehabilitation supervised by hysiotherapists allows, in addition to improving autonomy, a significant reduction in dyspnoea, thus increasing the quality of life of these patients. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect at 2 years of 3 modes of management of dyspnea: exercise rehabilitation, standard physiotherapy and "usual care" on post-resuscitation dyspnea in patients with presented with severe COVID-19.

The purpose of this study is to learn about how well the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (20vPnC) works against radiologically-confirmed community- acquired pneumonia (RAD+CAP) . This study is seeking participants who: are male or female ≥65 years of age. are hospitalized with physician suspicion of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Participants will be asked to provide demographic and medical history information, and to provide a urine sample that will be used to test for pneumonia. We will compare how many participants have pneumonia and were previously vaccinated with 20vPnC with how many participants who have pneumonia and have not been vaccinated with 20vPnC. Participants will actively take part in the study for about 1-2 days. Information on participant's illness and hospitalization details will be collected through day 30 of their hospitalization through medical chart review.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD) is an emerging condition with heterogeneous manifestations from both the microbiological and the clinical point of view. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are available but there are still unmet patients' and physicians' needs, including the exams to perform in the nutritional evaluation and intervention to improve health-related QoL and to control gastrointestinal side-effects during antimicrobial therapy, particularly in those with low body mass index and history of weight loss.

Streptococcus Pneumoniae is one of the etiology in severe CAP and accounts for about 60-75% of cases and is likely to be the leading cause of unknown etiologic pneumonia. In Indonesia, studies regarding the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the cause of CAP are still very rare. Therefore, there is still a need for further investigation in S. pneumoniae prevalence among hospitalized CAP by utilizing different detection methods in Indonesia. Antibiotics as a therapy of CAP also showed high levels of resistance, meanwhile, early detection of causative pathogen is potentially reducing the incidence of antibiotic resistance and usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive (GP) bacteria responsible for common infections such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), as well as complicated infections such as bacteremia, infective endocarditis and meningitis. S. pneumoniae bacteremia ranks among the top 10 most common pathogens associated with bloodstream infections and correlates with high morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic fungal infection of immunocompromised hosts which causes in significant morbidity and mortality. The current standard of care, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) at a dose of 15-20 mg/kg/day of TMP, is associated with serious adverse events, including hypersensitivity reactions, drug-induced liver injury, cytopenia, and renal failure occurring among 20-60% of patients. The frequency of adverse events increases in a dose dependent manner and commonly limits the use of TMP-SMX. Reduced treatment doses of TMP-SMX for PJP reduced ADEs without mortality differences in a recent meta-analysis of observational studies. We therefore propose a Phase III randomized, placebo-controlled trial to directly compare the efficacy and safety of low dose (10 mg/kg/day of TMP) compared to the standard-of-care (15 mg/kg/day) among patients with PJP for the primary outcome of death, new mechanical ventilation, and change of treatment.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that certain levels of air pollution may lead to increases in 1) antimicrobial consumption in the general population and 2) the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Methods: The project will consist of two sub-studies: A time series analysis of the association between daily antimicrobial consumption and air pollution in the 11 largest cities in Catalonia (2006-2022). Outcome variable: daily consumption of antimicrobials. Independent variables: air pollution and confounding variables. The analysis will use generalized additive models: through a random effects meta-analysis, the concentration-response estimates for each city will be added together to calculate the overall estimates. Descriptive observational study of the relationship between the concentration of resistance genes and antimicrobial consumption in the Barcelona area (2021-2023). Outcome variable: concentration of antibiotic resistance genes. Independent variables: defined daily dose of antimicrobials per 1000 inhabitants-day. Descriptive analysis of the concentration and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes according to air quality monitoring station (urban vs. hospital environment), month, and correlation with antimicrobial consumption.