Active clinical trials for "Pneumonia"

The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical efficacy of azithromycin, used as a quorum-sensing blocker, when compared to placebo for preventing or delaying the occurrence of pneumonia in ventilated patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerosolized antibiotics on respiratory infection in mechanically ventilated patients.We hypothesize that aerosolized antibiotics , which achieve high drug concentrations in the airway, would more effectively treat respiratory infection, decrease the need for systemic antibiotics and decrease antibiotic resistance.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood morbidity and death in many developing countries including Bangladesh, causing about 2 million deaths worldwide each year. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs, most commonly caused by viruses or bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Depending on the clinical presentation, pneumonia can be classified as very severe, severe or non-severe, with specific treatment for each of them except for antibiotic therapy. Severe and very severe pneumonia require hospitalization for additional supportive treatment such as suction, oxygen therapy and administration of bronchodilator. In Bangladesh, the number of hospital beds is inadequate for admission of all pneumonia cases that require hospitalization; however, it is also important to provide institutional care to those children who cannot be hospitalized due to bed constraints. Provision of appropriate antibiotics and supportive cares during the period of stay at established day-care centres could be an effective alternative. The impetus for this study came from the findings of our recently completed study titled "Daycare-based management of severe pneumonia in under-5 children when hospitalization is not possible due to the lack of beds". This study successfully managed children (n=251), but it was not a randomized trial and thus direct comparison of the efficacy of management of severe pneumonia at the day-care centre, essential for building confidence for implementing this management policy, is not possible. We, the researchers at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, could not plan a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) because of ethical reasons. Now that we have data suggesting effectiveness as well as safety of the day-care based treatment for management of children with severe pneumonia, a RCT should be possible. Two hundred fifty-one children with severe pneumonia were enrolled at the Radda Clinic from June 2003 to May 2005. The mean age was 7±7 (2-55) months, 86% infants, 63% boys and 91% breast-fed. History of cough was present in 99% cases, fever in 89% and rapid breathing in 67% cases. Forty-four percent of children were febrile (≥38°C), 93% children had vesicular breath sound and 99% bilateral rales. Fifty-seven percent of children were hypoxic with mean oxygen saturation of (93±4)%, which was corrected by oxygen therapy (98±3)%. Eighty percent of children had severe pneumonia and 20% had very severe pneumonia. The mean duration of clinic stay was (7±2) days. Two hundred thirty-four (93%) children completed the study successfully, 11 (4.4%) referred to hospitals (only one participant had to visit hospital at night due to deterioration of his condition, 9 were referred to hospital at the time of clinic closure i.e., at 5 pm and one participant was referred to hospital during the morning hours) and 6 (2.4%) left against medical advice (LAMA). There was no death during the period of clinic stay but only four (1.6%) deaths occurred during the 3 months follow-up. The study indicated that treatment of severe pneumonia in children at the day-care centre is effective and safe and thus it is comparable to the hospital care. If the day-care based management is found to have comparable efficacy to that of hospitalized management of severe pneumonia in children then they could be managed at outpatient, day-care set ups reducing hospitalization and thus freeing beds for management of other children who need hospitalized care. Additionally, availability of the treatment facility in community set-ups will be cost and time saving for the population. Children of either sex, aged 2-59 months, attending the Radda Clinic and Institute of Child Health and Shishu Hospital (ICHSH) with severe pneumonia will be randomized to receive either the day-care management at the clinic or hospitalized management at the ICHSH. Children randomized to receive day-care treatment will stay at the clinic from 8 am-5 pm and will receive antibiotics and other supportive cares. At 5 pm, they would be send to respective homes with advice to bring back their children to the clinic next morning, and advised to provide other supports at home. The same management would be continued till improvement and discharged and followed up every 2 weeks for 3 months. Children randomized to receive hospitalized management would be admitted at ICHSH and receive standard treatment like antibiotics and other supportive cares. The same treatment would be continued for 24 hours/day (rather than 9 hours/day at the day-care clinic) till improvement and discharged and followed-up at the ICHSH every 2 weeks for 3 months. About 3000 children with pneumonia visit Radda Clinic each year and about 200 of them will have severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Thus, we hope to enroll 368 (184 in each site) children with severe pneumonia during a 2-year study period.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety in patients with mild or moderate community-acquired pneumonia receiving a dose of 2 g of azithromycin in the SR formulation.

The aim of this clinical trial is to clarify the clinical efficacy of clarithromycin as immunotherapy for the management of septic syndrome by ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. Zinc deficiency leads to impairment in tissue repair and immunodeficiency in children.At least two randomised controlled trials have shown that zinc supplementation improves the outcome of severe pneumonia in children (reducing duration of hospital stay and complications related to pneumonia). However, there are conflicting results from other randomised controlled trials about its efficacy in children with pneumonia.The purpose of the current study is to determine the efficacy of zinc as adjunct therapy for in severe pneumonia in children aged 6-59 months. We hypothesize that the proportion of children who recover from severe pneumonia following zinc adjunct therapy [(10 mg once daily for seven days) for children aged <12 months and 20 mg daily for children aged ≥12 months]will be higher than the proportion of children who recover from placebo therapy.

To compare the efficacy and safety of IV tigecycline to IV levofloxacin in the treatment of subjects with CAP requiring hospitalization.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether tifacogin is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in non-hospitalized adult patients. A 5-day course of 750 milligrams of levofloxacin given once daily will be compared to a 10-day course 500 milligrams of levofloxacin given once daily.

The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of doripenem in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).