Active clinical trials for "Poisoning"

This study will examine the risks of workplace exposure to benzene, a substance known to lead to cancer of the blood and possibly of the lungs. It is used widely in industries and is a contaminant in the environment. Researchers from the National Cancer Institute and the China Center for Disease Control (formerly Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine) had done previous studies of workers in manufacturing industries in China of people who worked at least 1 day from 1972 to 1987 in 12 cities in that country. Data were collected of approximately 75,000 workers exposed to benzene and 35,000 who were not, with the purpose of investigating the relationship between benzene exposure and cancer risk. For workers exposed to benzene, there was a significant risk of cancer affecting the blood cells and a 1.8-fold excess of lung cancer among them. This study will expand those findings and also identify the effects of benzene amounts and whether there is a genetic tendency for benzene poisoning. About 3,860 benzene-exposed workers from the 12 cities will be interviewed. Next-of-kin of deceased workers, and a subcohort (additional grouping) of participants will serve as a control group in the research. Patients who have worked at places where there was exposure to benzene will have a brief physical exam and samples of cells from a mouth rinse and samples from blood will be collected to study the genetic influence on developing blood diseases from workplace exposures. All participants or next-of-kin, for deceased, will be given a questionnaire about their work history, use of cigarettes and hair dyes, medications they take, and family history of cancer. Interviews of about 40 minutes long will be conducted at participants homes or workplaces, at a time convenient to them, and the interviews will be audiotaped.

Retrospective observational review of severe envenomation treatment with CroFab

This prospective cohort study of 400 lead exposed and 400 non-lead exposed women and their husbands assesses endocrine dysfunction and adverse reproductive outcomes. Residing in two study areas in Shenyang, China, the women are married, 20 and 34 years of age, never smokers, have obtained permission to have a child, and have attempted to become pregnant over the course of the study. Lead exposure is defined by lead levels in blood samples collected at the baseline survey (both women and their husbands), first and second trimesters, and at delivery (both maternal and cord blood). Endocrine dysfunction is monitored by urinary hormone metabolites including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone conjugates (E1C), and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG). Reproductive endpoints include menstrual disturbance, time to conception, spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and low birth weight.

This project is aimed at better understanding how children living in agricultural environments are exposed to pesticides, and how such exposures can be prevented or reduced. The current project will characterize pesticide exposure pathways for children of farmworkers.

The RAD-57 pulse CO-oximeter is a lightweight device allowing non-invasive measurement of blood carboxyhemoglobin. Previous studies comparing RAD-57 measurements (SpCO) to standard laboratory blood gas analysis (COHb) have reported contradictory results. the RAD-57 pulse CO-oximeter could be useful as a first-line screening test for acute CO poisoning, enabling rapid detection and management of patients with suspected CO poisoning in the prehospital emergency setting This study assesses the diagnostic value of pulse CO-oximetry, comparing SpCO to standard laboratory blood measurement for prehospital management of patients with suspected carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.

To exam the effects of Phyllanthus niruri extracts(corilagin, phyllanthin and brevifolin) on human neutrophils

Paraquat poisoning is characterized by multiple organ failure and pulmonary fibrosis with respiratory failure. Accumulating evidence suggested that continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) had a beneficial role in the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction. The investigators hypothesized that CVVH might restore multiple organ function and reduce the high mortality rate of paraquat poisoning. To confirm it, an prospective clinical study would be carried out.

Paracetamol overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the Western World. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been the antidote of choice for over 30 years but its use is associated with adverse effects in 40% of cases. Patients characteristically experience nausea, vomiting and an anaphylactoid ('pseudo-allergic') syndrome. This reaction is clinically similar to true anaphylaxis (allergic reaction) including flushing, rash, constriction of airways, and a fall in blood pressure, but occurs via a different mechanism. Although treatable, these reactions lead to patient distress, commonly cause confusion among treating physicians, and lead to significant delays in antidote administration. The aetiology of these adverse reactions to NAC remains unclear. We hypothesise: i) these reactions result from a dose-dependent release of the chemical histamine, causing dilatation of blood vessels (vasodilatation) and the anaphylactoid syndrome; ii) paracetamol conversely exerts a protective effect on the reaction, with a less severe reaction observed in the presence of higher paracetamol concentrations. We will investigate the mechanisms underlying adverse reactions to NAC in the human forearm model, examining the role of histamine and other markers involved in the inflammatory process. The wider significance is an improved understanding of this poorly delineated phenomenon, with implications for other medications associated with similar reactions, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids such as morphine.

Prior research indicates a link between early lead exposure and risk for delinquent behavior. In this study, we follow a large birth cohort from the Cincinnati Lead Study into early adulthood to determine whether this increased risk persists. Outcome measures include official arrest records, diagnoses of Substance Abuse Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder, self-report of delinquent behavior, and a psychopathy scale. Predictors include pre-natal and post-natal blood lead levels. Multivariate statistical methods will control for potential confounders/covariates.

This project studies the relationship between lead exposure and academic achievement in college students. Most studies of the neurobehavioral effects of lead have focused on performances at the low end of the distribution. There is evidence that lead affects outcome across the entire distribution. This is a retrospective cohort study of subjects whose cognitive function is adequate to gain admission to college. We will use x-ray fluorescence to measure bone lead concentrations in undergraduate college students and test the hypothesis that achievement scores are related to early lead exposure. Early lead exposure has been shown to have measurable effects on academic performance and neurobehavioral outcomes at 18 years of age. Should an effect be found in this study, the spectrum of lead toxicity would be expanded to include subjects with above average function.