Active clinical trials for "Pulmonary Atelectasis"

In this study aimed to demonstrate that atelectasis developing in the perioperative period of patients undergoing elective cesarean surgery with spinal or general anesthesia methods using lung ultrasound. After Preoperative lung ultrasounds of patients is done, the cesarean operation will be completed with spinal or general anesthesia. In the postoperative period, control lung ultrasounds will be performed and the ultrasound results will be compared in terms of atelectasis in both groups.

Lung ultrasound offers a novel, reliable and radiation-free tool for diagnosing perioperative atelectasis and evaluating its severity in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia in the operating room.

Perioperative changes in regional ventilation by pulmonary electrical impedance tomography and spirometry will be investigated in patients at risk for postoperative pulmonary complications. Those patients undergo lung and flail chest surgery.

In this study gas-exchange and respiratory mechanics variations to PEEP change will be correlated to CT lung morphological modifications assessed at different airway pressures (5, 15, 30 and 45 cmH2O).

Patients scheduled for lung lobe resection using video assisted thoracic surgery will be randomly assigned to be ventilated with either only oxygen or a mixture of air and oxygen. The primary purpose of this study is to determine if the incidence of postoperative collapse (in the non-surgical lung) is decreased when using a mixture of air and oxygen compared to using only oxygen (which is our control measurement) during one-lung ventilation.

During abdominal surgery, the intra abdominal pressure may increase determining lung bibasal atelectasis. The investigators hypothesized that the application of Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) promptly after extubation through Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) would improved gas exchange, especially in those patients with abdominal pressure values close to those applied by CPAP. The investigators have therefore designed this subset study enrolling patients randomized to receive CPAP in the "Prevention of Respiratory Insufficiency after Surgical Management (PRISM)" Trial in order to ascertain the abdominal pressure in post-surgical patients (abdominal open surgery procedures) enrolled in PRISM trial. In addition they would evaluate the effects of CPAP on abdominal pressure and consequently on arterial blood gas, and whether there is a correlation between PEEP values, abdominal pressure values and arterial blood gas. One hundred patients included in CPAP group of the PRISM trial will be enrolled in this subset study. The investigators will perform measurements of the abdominal pressure an urinary catheter connected with an intra-abdominal pressure device (Uno-Meter ® - Uno-medical) in all patients undergoing on open-surgical procedures after mechanical ventilation withdrawal and extubation, 30 minutes and 4 hours after the application of CPAP.

Even though experimental lung injury in animal experiments is the best analogy for the changes in the patients, it has to be considered that kinetics may vary between species. An important question to answer is how common PaO2-oscillations occur in patients and how injurious they might be. A limitation to the detection of PaO2-oscillations is a sensing device that detects the oscillations at very high temporal resolution. In previous studies a fiberoptic probe was used, which was measuring PaO2 based on oxygen-sensitive fluorescence quenching with a time resolution up to 10 Hz (8, 13, 14). This method is not feasible in patients. Previous studies have shown that PaO2-oscillations are translated into the peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2). Given a technology that has a time resolution that is high enough (i.e. >1 Hz), measurement of SpO2-oscillations would be a valid approach to detecting and quantifying cyclical recruitment and derecruitment in a non-invasive fashion in patients on the ICU. The Masimo Rad-8 pulse-oxymeter provides such a method. In the current study it is planned to deteted SpO2-oscillations in the post-operative patients on the ICU.

During most types of heart surgery cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is used. CPB enables blood to be directed away from the heart and the lungs and pumped through the body while the heart is not beating. Surgery on the heart easier when it is not beating and bloodless area. Generally during CPB the lungs do not need to be ventilated, as no blood is flowing through the lungs and the body received oxygen from a machine (oxygenator) attached to the CPB pump. In this study we are investigating the difference in lung collapse after heart surgery in patient who did have their lungs ventilated during CPB, compared to patients who did not have their lungs ventilated during CPB. We will use lung ultrasound scans to determine the degree of lung collapse at various time periods before and after the heart surgery. We will also investigate if ventilation during CPB will affect: a.) the rate of lung infection or pneumonia after the operation b.) the time it takes for a patient to have the breathing tube removed in the intensive care unit after the operation c.) the time for a patient to be discharged home from the hospital d.) the concentration of oxygen in the blood after the operation.

General anesthesia (GA) and paralysis are factors which facilitate atelectasis formation, especially in obese patients. Spontaneous breathing can reduce the amount of atelectasis. In this study, the investigators are comaparing obese patients undergoing hip arthroplasty in GA versus spinal anesthesia. Distribution of ventilation during and after anesthesia is assessed by eletrical impedance tomography (EIT).

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy plays a very important role in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.In China,this procedure is mainly performed under two different anesthesia methods：sedation and general anesthesia(GA) . Which is better ? there are still a lot of controversies . Several early retrospective studies suggest that, in addition to the possible increase in costs, general anesthesia in intraoperative complications, postoperative recovery and other aspects did not bring significant improvement. But clinically we observed that children under sedation often can not cooperate, they often shows anxiety,restless,crying,and so on, under these situation, some restraint measures may be used, which may have an impact on the child's neuropsychological development. Therefore ,we design this study ,aiming to compare the influence between sedation and general anesthesia (GA) on children 's neuropsychological development.