Active clinical trials for "Prediabetic State"

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of consuming 1.5 oz almonds twice daily on insulin sensitivity and markers of cardiometabolic health in men and women with prediabetes.

This study evaluates the effect of different doses of metformin on the function of endothelium in people with pre-diabetes. One group of the patients will receive metformin in dose: 1500 mg, the second one will receive 3000 mg/day. The parameters from healthy volunteers will be taken only at the study beginning to compare the test results with the parameters from patients with pre-diabetes. This group will be not treated with metformin (no intervention)

The aim of the study is to describe the glycemic, insulinemic and appetitive responses to liquid and solid foods where either soluble fiber or maltodextrin are used as the carbohydrate substrate.

Weight loss achieved through gastric banding will be superior to treatment with metformin in preserving or restoring pancreatic beta cell function in people with prediabetes or mild type 2 diabetes.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a hormone produced in the intestine. It is released immediately after meal ingestion and increases insulin release. This, in turn, helps reduce blood glucose levels. This circuit does not work properly in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have previously shown that a peptide called xenin-25 can amplify the effects of GIP on insulin secretion in humans. However, xenin-25 no longer does this when humans develop T2DM. Thus, it is important to understand how xenin-25 works in humans without T2DM so we know why it does not work in humans with T2DM. Acetylcholine is molecule produced by specific types of nerves. The effects of acetylcholine can be blocked by a drug called atropine. We have previously shown in mice that atropine prevents the ability of xenin-25 to increase the effects of GIP on insulin release. The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine if atropine also blocks the effects of xenin-25 in humans without T2DM. If it does, then impaired acetylcholine signaling may be one of the reasons humans develop T2DM and it could be possible to develop drugs that bypass this defect and increase insulin release in humans with T2DM.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaf extract on blood glucose in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.

The study will determine if increasing the highs and lows of blood glucose levels (glycemic variability) impairs insulin secretion in people with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose who are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the study will determine whether changes in beta-cell function are associated with glycemic variability and whether they are mediated by oxidative stress. To decrease or increase glycemic variability the study will provide subjects with special diets containing either low or high glycemic index foods respectively for 4 weeks. To determine if oxidative stress is a mediator, subjects on the high glycemic index diet will take either placebo or the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine. The study will address the hypothesis that increased glycemic variability results in increased oxidative stress and thereby exacerbates beta-cell dysfunction in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose. The findings may have important implications for the development of effective strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. In addition, understanding the contribution of dietary glycemic index to beta-cell dysfunction in subjects with pre-diabetes may have a significant public health impact, including changes to dietary counseling and promotion of healthier eating patterns.

Elevated circulating levels of certain amino acids (the building blocks of protein) are strongly associated with insulin resistance. This study will investigate the metabolism of these amino acids in individuals with normal glucose metabolism compared to overweight or obese pre-diabetic individuals. The purpose of this study is to determine how elevated levels of the branched-chain amino acids may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and ultimately diabetes. An additional purpose is to determine whether exercise or gastric bypass (GBP) surgery intervention can correct aberrations in branched-chain amino acid metabolism as insulin sensitivity improves. This information will be used to further our understanding of the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in at-risk populations and potentially improve clinical treatment of such conditions.

Researchers at the University of Prince Edward Island want to learn about the health effects of wild blueberry juice.

The purpose of this research study is to examine if a combination of a cholesterol lowering-drug, simvastatin, with a sugar-lowering drug called rosiglitazone is more effective in improving vascular inflammation (irritation of the vessels that transport your blood) and other cardiovascular risk factors than the taking of simvastatin alone.