Active clinical trials for "Genetic Predisposition to Disease"

Familial gastric cancer accounts for 10% of all cases, but predisposing genetic variations is unknown except for CDH1 mutation. Because Germline mutation is believed to be a key aspect of cancer predisposition, we plan to recruit persons with 2 or more affected family members in three-generation pedigree. The investigators will perform a whole-exome sequencing using DNA from blood samples of families including gastric cancer patients and non-gastric cancer patients

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), first described by Albright in 1942, is defined as an increase in Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), an insufficiency of the ovarian function leading to an early menopause (<40 years of age).Today, only 35% of POI's etiology can be explained. Causes enlightening POI may be enumerated as follows, according to their frequency: genetic mutations, autoimmune defects and abnormalities detected on the X chromosome.The purpose of the study is to determine the frequency of the genetic abnormalities and polymorphisms described above in the POI Turkish population

This study evaluates the link between genetic polymorphisms as r7903146, rs12255372 of TCF7L2 gene and the risk of developing hyperglycemia during Intensive care unit stay

Listeriosis is a rare, severe foodborne infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). It manifests as septicemia, central nervous system (CNS) infection and maternal-fetal (MF) infection. Its associated overall mortality is very high, above of 30%. A better knowledge on the factors involved in its occurrence and in clinical manifestations is therefore needed to improve outcome. A number of frequent acquired risk factors for listeriosis have been identified, such as pregnancy, diabetes, cancer, HIV infection, and immunosuppressive therapies. However, no genetic study on host susceptibility to listeriosis in humans has been performed so far, in the absence of prospective collection of patients' samples. Also, listeriosis diagnosis is based on Lm culture from clinical samples. This method lacks sensitivity, and the contribution of biomarkers to listeriosis diagnosis and prognosis has not been evaluated. The Multicentric Observational NAtional Analysis of Listeriosis and Listeria (MONALISA), is the first national case-control prospective study on listeriosis. It is implemented since 2009 and enrolls all culture-proven cases declared to the NRCL: and collects for each patient clinical and biological data and biological samples. Controls with comparable background and presentation are also included. 818 cases have been included (427 S, 252 CNS and 107 MN) over 3.5 years, along with 456 controls. The aim of the study is to identify human genetic susceptibility factors to listeriosis, biomarkers to improve its diagnosis and prognosis (survival or death), and thereby help improve management of patients with listeriosis. Samples from the completed cohort will be analyzed : SNPs genotyping and exam sequencing; biomarkers a identification in serum and plasma of patients and controls by simultaneous multi-analyte and metabolomic profiling.

A case-control study to identify microbiome and genetic differences between healthy people and patients with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Granulomatous lung diseases are diseases in which inflamed clusters of white cells, known as granulomas, form in lung tissue. Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and sarcoidosis are two granulomatous diseases that share similar clinical symptoms, physiological changes in the lungs, and immune responses to the disease. Genetic variations may make some people more susceptible to developing CBD or sarcoidosis. This study will identify common genetic regions associated with increased risk of developing the granulomatous diseases CBD and sarcoidosis.

The purpose of this study is to help us better understand the cellular changes that may lead to the development of lung cancer. We want to compare people with a second primary lung cancer with those who have only a first primary lung cancer. We hope to use the information obtained in this study as the basis for future studies and will not regard the results from this study as final. We will analyze your blood cells and DNA to measure the changes in several genes that we believe may be involved in lung cancer. We also want to evaluate the capacity for your DNA to repair itself.

An NCI goal is to identify every human gene that predisposes people to cancer. Recent studies of HIV-1 indicate that genetic polymorphisms can affect susceptibility to viral infections and that such alleles may be racially restricted, a range of racial and ethnic groups should be included in such studies. We propose to examine genetic determinants of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in an ethnically diverse population of injection drug users (IDUs). HBV and HCV are important causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, but little is known about genetic factors that alter susceptibility to these infections. Subjects will be recruited in diverse inner-city neighborhoods as part of the University of California, San Francisco's Urban Health Study. Since 1986, this study has successfully recruited and evaluated IDUs from street-based settings. About half of the participants are African-American, one-third are white, 10% are Latino, and the remainder are Asian or Native American. The mean duration of drug use exceeds 20 years. About 80% of subjects have evidence of HBV infection and a similar prevalence of HCV infections is anticipated. We will enroll about 1500 subjects over a 13 month period. Archived, unlinked serum specimens may be obtained from previous enrollees to increase the sample size, as needed. Highly exposed-uninfected subjects will be ascertained on the basis of the serologic testing for each virus, as well as the duration and frequency of injection drug use. These highly exposed-uninfected subjects will be compared to infected subjects with regard to their frequency of genetic polymorphisms (chemokines, chemokine receptors, human leukocyte antigens, and others), in collaboration with scientists from NCI's Laboratory of Genomic Diversity.

The Jewish Population is at an increased risk for genetic diseases, especially autosomal recessive, thus, screening should be done to determine carrier status of several genetic diseases. In the Mexican Jewish Community, which is a very diverse community (regarding geographical origins), data of carrier status is unknown. The study aims to determine carrier prevalence for over 300 diseases using commercially available panels.

Prospective cohort study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using standardized educational and communication tools to assist in communication of genetic test results to family members. A pre and post test will be administered to consented patients before and after genetic counseling .