Active clinical trials for "Preleukemia"

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are the most frequent myeloid neoplasms in Western Countries.They mainly affect patients aged 65 years or older. This is a very heterogenous group of diseases, which prognosis is evaluated with International Prognosis Scoring System. High risk MDS present with high frequency of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. Treatment of high risk MDS often is based on hypomethylating agents, such as 5'-azacytidine (Azacytidine), with a complete response in approximativel 20% of cases.. This treatment is based on 4-week cycles, with daily injection during the first week and rest during the 3 next weeks of the cycle. Azacytidine efficacy is commonly evaluated with clinical and biological parameters determined by the International Working Group 2006. These parameters are usually evaluated after at least 6 cycles of treatments. There is a response with Azacytidine treatment in 60% of cases, including 40% of partial responses and 20% of complete responses. In 40% of patients, there is no response, which means that the disases is stable or in progression under therapy. In this regard, early evaluation of treatment response is an issue. We want to improve our knowledge about early response criteria in Azacytidine-treated high-risk MDS, focusing on SMD with excess blasts, which represent 30 to 40% of total MDS. Then, the investigator team want to compare DNA methylation profile at diagnosis and after 3 cycles of Azacytidine treatment. Main objective : Identify DNA methylation profiles related to response to Azacytidine therapy, after only 3 cycles of treatment, in high risk MDS with excess blasts. Secondary objective : Identify at diagnosis DNA methylation profiles that are predicitive of response to Azacytidin, in high risk MDS with excess blasts.

To analyze the occurrence of transformation from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to acute myeloid leukemia (hereinafter referred to as transformation from MDS to AML) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality (hereinafter referred to as del(5q)MDS) who received Revlimid® 5 mg Capsules (hereinafter referred to as Revlimid) and who are continuing or no longer continuing Revlimid treatment. Planned registration period This period started on the date of initial marketing of Revlimid and will end on the day when the appropriateness of enrollment is assessed for all del(5qMDS) patients in the all-case surveillance. Planned surveillance period This period started on the date of initial marketing of Revlimid and will end 3 years after the last enrolled patient begins receiving Revlimid.

RATIONALE: Infection prophylaxis and management may help prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection caused by a stem cell transplant. PURPOSE:This clinical trial studies infection prophylaxis and management in treating cytomegalovirus infection in patients with hematologic malignancies previously treated with donor stem cell transplant.

We hope to determine the importance of different genes (including B receptors) in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. This has important benefits to patients exposed to anthracyclines, as this could help determine whether certain individuals have increased susceptibility to cardiac injury.

RATIONALE: Studying samples of bone marrow from patients with cancer and from healthy volunteers in the laboratory may help doctors learn more about changes that occur in bone marrow stromal (connective tissue) cells. It may also help doctors understand the effects of alkylating agents on bone marrow stromal cells. PURPOSE: This laboratory study is evaluating stromal cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, or Fanconi anemia; in patients who were exposed to alkylating agents; and in healthy volunteers.

This is a prospective, non-randomized multi-center multi-national study to evaluate the chimerism measured by STR and SNP in patients with hypoplastic RC and normal karyotype transplanted with a preparative regimen of reduced intensity. Primary objectives: To study hematopoietic chimerism in whole blood and different cell population (CD14, CD15, CD 56, CD3, CD19) as well as in dendritic cells and regulatory T-cells after SCT with RIC in patients with RC To compare the results of chimerism obtained with standard STR PCR (sensitivity 1%) with those obtained with SNP PCR (sensitivity 0.1- 0.01%) Secondary objectives: To evaluate the relationship between mixed chimerism and hematological engraftment, OS and EFS To study the impact of mixed chimerism in plasmacytoid dendritic and regulatory T-cells on the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD

The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and tolerance of piperacillin-tazobactam versus piperacillin-tazobactam plus glycopeptide as initial empiric antibiotic treatment for fever in neutropenic patients. Study of consecutive cohorts(2). First the patients will be included in the monotherapy branch until completing the predicted number of cases. When this happens, the Coordinating Center will communicate it to the participant centers and from then the patients will be included in the combined therapy.

RATIONALE: Studying ways to diagnose fungal infections early may help doctors plan the best treatment. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying laboratory tests to see how well they find aspergillosis early in patients at high risk of fungal infection caused by treatment for hematologic cancer or other disease.

Primary Objective: 1. To assess the self-reported symptoms and the plasma cytokine levels of AML/MDS patients pretransplantation and posttransplantation with allogeneic blood and marrow in order to identify changes in symptoms (or symptom clusters) and changes in cytokines that may be related to the conditioning regimen and/or to the development of GVHD during the 100 days posttransplant. Based on the current literature, both animal and human research, in this study we hypothesize that increases in TNF alpha to be associated with poor appetite, sleep disturbance and fatigue, but not with increases in pain, depression and numbness.

To investigate the efficacy of posaconazole as prophylaxis antifungal agent in aplastic anemia / hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (AA/hMDS) patients undergoing antithymocyte globulin (ATG) treatment