Active clinical trials for "Premature Birth"

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of N-TPA appliance compared to Nance SM in maintaining the arch dimensions after bilateral premature extraction of primary molars in children.

In this study the effects of low and high doses of prophylactic vitamin D on biochemical and radiological manifestations of osetopenia of prematurity will be tested.

The purpose is to test the hypothesis that microdrop instillation of combined phenylephrine 1.67% and tropicamide 0.33% eyedrops causes at least equal mydriasis compared with standard drop instillation of the same mydriatic regimen, which constitutes routine care for pupil dilation during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening in our neonatal intensive care unit. Comparison, also, will be made to the subsequent adverse events and the drug concentration in peripheral blood samples.

As in healthy term babies, the ideal food for preterm infants and sick term babies is breast milk. There are many studies indicating that the composition of breast milk can vary from mother to mother, according to the gestational week of the baby and gender. In new researches on breast milk content; It is argued that breast milk is different during the day and at night, that the micro and macro nutrient content, hormones and some enzymes show different levels of secretion at different times of the day, and that breast milk has a circadian rhythm. This research is designed as a prospective, randomized, controlled type. The study will be carried out in order to evaluate the effect of Chronobiological Approach Nutrition Model application on baby's growth parameters and discharge time in preterm babies hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Simple randomization method will be used for the study and the babies will be divided into intervention(n=40) and control groups(n=40). The research was carried out with 80 babies followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit. The milk of the intervention group patients will be matched circadian and given to the babies, the milk of the control group patients will be given without matching according to the clinical routine practice. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, head circumference of all babies will be recorded in the "Baby Monitoring Form" created by the researcher.

Inadequate maternal nutrition is likely to undermine the potential impact of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) improvements made in the Alive & Thrive (A&T) first phase because it is linked to poor fetal growth leading to small-for-gestational age and pre-term newborns. These babies do not respond to growth promoting feeding practices as well as normal newborns do. In Phase 2, Alive & Thrive decided to focus on integrating a package of maternal nutrition interventions in a large-scale maternal, newborn and child health program (MNCH). This proposed evaluation aims to assess the feasibility of integrating maternal nutrition interventions into an existing MNCH platform in Bangladesh, using a cluster-randomized evaluation design.

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible use of calcium channel as a neuroprotectant in cases with PTL. This will be done by comparing the effect they have on cerebral blood vessels with the already established MgSo4. They have been proven superior to magnesium sulphate in tocolysis, and they possess the mechanism of action that would allow for their theoretical use as neuroprotective agents.

While venous access is an essential part of caring for the preterm neonate potential severe adverse events, including contamination of fluids with bacteria, endotoxins and particulates could occur (Bethune 2001). Infusion therapy carries a risk for catheter-associated septicaemia (Geiss 1992) originated from the catheter tubing, the ports, at the cannula site or from contaminated infusion fluid. While not all infections lead to septicaemia, immuno-compromised patients such as neonates are at greater risk, and infection becomes a major problem (Ng 1989) and a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental disabilities (Volpe 2008). Indeed, it has been postulated that endotoxins may be involved in the pathogenesis of a proportion of cases of periventricular leukomalacia, the most frequent brain damage associated with neurocognitive handicaps in the human neonate (Volpe 2001). The presence of calcium in parenteral nutrition mixture leads to precipitation due to its incompatibility with the other components of the admixtures and leads to high concentration of particles (Athanasiou 2014). Adverse systemic effects of particulate matter including phlebitis, granulomata formation in the lung (Marshall 1987) and ischaemic necrosis, are a common finding in necrotizing enterocolitis another serious complication flowing preterm birth (Ballance 1990). Particle contamination of infusion solutions exists despite a stringent infusion regiment. The number and composition of particles depends on the complexity of the applied admixtures (Jack 2010). Particulate contamination is due to drug incompatibility reactions or their incomplete reconstitution during the preparation process (Schroder 1994). Various studies have demonstrated the contamination of infusion solutions with glass particles from opening glass ampoules, particles from rubber stoppers or conglomerates of the parenteral nutrition components (Ball 2003). Particles have also been shown to be inherent to generic drug formulation (Oie 2005). In an intensive care setting the particle burden may rise up to one million infused particles per day, increasing with the complexity and quantity of the administered infusions (Walpot 1989). There are two main IV filter pore sizes; the 0.2 micron filter is used for aqueous solutions, and the 1.2 micron filter is recommended for larger molecule solutions such as lipids. The 0.2 micron filter has also been reported to remove air, microorganisms and particulate matter. In addition, endotoxin retention is reportedly achieved by using a positively charged filter membrane; toxic macro-molecules are released by gram-negative bacteria and are claimed to be effective for up to ninety six hours (Bethune 2001). In-line IV filters are currently claimed to be an effective strategy for the removal of bacteria, endotoxins and particulates associated with intravenous therapy in adults (Ball 2003) and particularly effective in the removal of particles caused from drug precipitate such as antibiotics (Chee 2002; Ball 2003). However, evidence of the beneficial effect of in-line IV filters in children and neonates is much weaker, despite some positive studies (Jack 2012; Boehne 2013; Sasse 2015). In the population of preterm infants, no study is currently available while particulate contamination due to infusion therapy carries a higher health risk in this subpopulation. The benefits of using IV in-line filters in critically-ill preterm neonates remains to be demonstrated. This intervention in adults has also been challenged by several authors (Pearson 1996; Newell 1998). Friedland reported that certain drugs such as antibiotics may be retained in the filters causing a reduction in potency (Friedland 1985). On the other hand, there are no known adverse effects from the use of IV in-line filters.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether social networking on mobile phone in antenatal care health education is effective in the improvement of maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with usual antenatal care.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Tortle Midliner positioning system in prevention and/or treatment of dolichocephaly, which can develop in preterm infants during the hospital stay. Specific Aim: Determine if the use of the Tortle Midliner is a more effective prevention and treatment strategy for dolichocephaly than current standard of care intervention in the Duke Intensive Care Nursery (ICN).

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a combination of evidence-based strategies can improve intrapartum and newborn care in facilities to reduce mortality among preterm infants. This will be a cluster randomized implementation science study across 23 facilities in Eastern Uganda and Western Kenya. Selected interventions will be supported in facilities to measure impact during the study period. These interventions are: a) data strengthening and data use activities; b) implementation of a modified WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist with an emphasis on preterm labor and preterm babies; c) simulation-based provider training and mentoring on key existing evidence-based practices to improve newborn outcomes; d) support of Quality Improvement (QI) cycles to identify and resolve facility-specific issues and bottlenecks. A two-stage design will be used where all study facilities will receive some aspects of the intervention initially, namely data strengthening and the modified checklist. Subsequently, the remaining interventions (QI cycles and simulation training of providers) will be rolled out to a randomly selected half of the facilities in the first stage. At a second stage, the remaining half of the facilities will receive the remaining interventions.