Active clinical trials for "Premature Birth"

The hypothesis of the investigators' project is that comprehensive primary preterm birth prevention, inclusive of maternal oral health with xylitol chewing gum (the intervention), will reduce the rate of periodontal disease and caries, preterm birth prevalence, and neonatal mortality.

In France, the last national perinatal survey show that 6.6% of live births are premature. For these infants, transfer in Neonatology sector may result in mother-child separation can last several weeks or months. This hospital can complicate the implementation of the attachment process that allows parents to recognize their children as their own, to gain confidence in their abilities to deal with them and establish a relationship with him. A study of mothers of premature shows the interest of the Brazelton scale to help them identify the skills their child and adjust their own behavior.

The purpose of this study is to understand more about why young people who were born prematurely may have increased risk of high blood pressure and lower cardiovascular exercise capacity.

This is a two stage open-label, single-arm, multicenter and observational study.

Approximately 30,000 babies annually are born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) in the US. These babies often have motor and/or visual problems when they grow up. It is very important to identify high risk ELBW infants as early as possible, so that the investigators can treat them earlier to prevent poor development. Neurological examination at early age is not good enough to identify high risk ELBW infants. One the other hand, some magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state functional MRI (rfMRI) have shown great sensitivity to brain injury which may cause motor and visual problems. Therefore, the investigators propose to use DTI and rfMRI on ELBW infants at a very early age to predict long-term outcome and to identify infants who are at high risk of having motor and/or visual problems when they grow up.

Oseltamivir dosing in infants < 3 months of age is based on a single pharmacokinetic study in 20 infants from a single center. This dataset is limited by a lack of robustness, because only 1 sample was collected from each participant. The investigators obtained two blood samples each from infants receiving oseltamivir after obtaining informed consent from the infant's parents. The investigators propose to analyze the blood samples to determine the amount of oseltamivir in the infant's blood. Measurement of these values will increase the understanding of the absorption and elimination of oseltamivir in preterm and term infants, and improve our ability to provide the correct doses to this high risk population.

Working hypothesis and aims: To investigate the association between cervical length in non-pregnant women, and the risk of premature birth. The participants will be recruited from the HaEmek Medical Center delivery room registration. Women delivered between 24-37 pregnancy weeks will be allocated to the study group. The investigators will invite them 3 month or more after delivery to ultrasound examination of the cervical length. The participants in the control group will be the women whom term delivery follows by chronological manner to those in study group. Data of the cervucal length will be collected at the time of the examination.

The purpose of this study is to determine if changes in specific gene products in the placenta or cord/infant blood affect a baby's birth weight, increase the risk of premature birth, or increase the risk of developing diseases of prematurity. We would also like to characterize whether placental epigenetic changes or placental markers of environmental exposures are associated with premature birth.

Neonatal nutritional management consists in reproducing miming uteri growth kinetic. Since the seventies, NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) strategy consists in a high proteidic input (apport) supposed to allow optimal neurodevelopment. However, nutritional practices and strategies have significantly evolved during these last years, influenced by Baker nutritional imprinting concept (2002). Actually, neonatal high proteidic exposition could perturb metabolism and hormonal systems of newborns conducting to a reinforcement of obesity and cardio-vascular pathology prevalence in this target population at adulthood. In this context many studies emerged since 2000 and try to assess the trade-off between neurodevelopment and growth under nutrition conditions. EPIPOD try to focus the link between heterogenous proteic input dispensed in our NICU (described by tercil methods on population) and fat mass phenotype variations at discharge (described by tercil methods); and its consequences on neurodevelopmental growth. Understanding how particular nutritional exposition could determine "fatty" phenotype and impact neurodevelopment is clearly our main goal.

This study was designed to analyze whether initiation of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network SUPPORT trial was followed by a change in frequency of endotracheal intubation the delivery room in non-participants and whether these changes were associated with changes in management and outcomes. The investigators hypothesized that the investigators would observe following the initiation of the SUPPORT trial a 33% reduction in the rate of intubation in the delivery room among non-participants preterm infants at Parkland Memorial Hospital.