Active clinical trials for "Problem Behavior"

This randomized controlled trial aims to test the efficacy of an early parenting intervention for childhood behavior problems in the portuguese community. More specifically, this research intends to: 1) examine the effects of the parenting intervention in childhood behavior problems, positive parenting skills and parental concerns; 2) test participants' adherence, acceptability and dropout rates of the parenting intervention; and 3) qualitatively analyze the experience of parents' who received the intervention. Researchers will compare an intervention group with a waitlist control group to see if there are any significant differences between these groups regarding childhood behavior problems and the aforementioned parenting dimensions. Participants in both groups will be able to participate in the parenting intervention that has a duration of 9 weeks. Furthermore, they will be asked to fill in pre and post data.

Eating disorders (ED) are severe but treatable conditions, but there are large margin for improvements in terms of efficacy and adherence. There is room to explore new treatment options who are either more capable to retain patients in therapy, more effective. Alternative their efficacy may match the ones of current available treatments but offer new options to ones that did not respond to available therapies. Here the investigators explored if a combination of CBT-focused plus Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) is an empirically supported therapy for personality disorders and could be a new viable treatment option for non-underweight ED. MIT targets some aspects of ED such as poor awareness of mental states and maladaptive interpersonal schemas that are not included in the transdiagnostic model underlying the most investigated empirically supported treatment for ED that is CBT-E. It is reasonable therefore that targeting these aspects of psychopathology can be a path to treatment adherence and effectiveness

This pilot study investigates a new, easily applicable, individually tailored first-line behavioral training for parents of children (4-12 years) with (symptoms of) ADHD, that will be provided in an early stage, before other treatments have been applied. In this pilot study the feasibility of the newly developed intervention will be evaluated by exploring program acceptability, including client satisfaction, recruitment, retention, treatment fidelity and therapist satisfaction. Also acceptability of potential outcome measures will be explored, including preliminary tests of efficacy.

Sleep disorders commonly co-occur with psychiatric disorders. Sleep disorders are often treated with medication or not at all in psychiatric care, although there exist a plethora of documentation of the effectiveness of sleep interventions. There is also an increase in studies showing effectiveness of sleep-interventions when the sleep disorder co-occurs with psychiatric illness. The recommended treatment for Delayed Sleep-Wake phase disorder is light therapy at gradually advanced timing and/or melatonin administered in order to help phase-advance the circadian rhythm. There is a great gap in the knowledge on how sleep disorders can be treated effectively when they occur comorbid to moderate and severe psychiatric illness. In this project the we therefore seek to investigate the effect of psychological and behavioural, group-based treatment in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) where sleep and psychiatric symptoms are the primary outcome measures.

Living in poverty has long-lasting negative effects on children's mental health and on their mental health in adulthood. Child poverty is very common, affecting 17% of Canadian children. Many low income families may not be getting all the social benefits they are entitled to receive. Increasingly, there are calls for primary care providers to ask all patients about poverty and to intervene if poverty is identified. However, it is not known if an intervention can improve children's health. This study will test the effect of having a Community Support Worker work with families of children age 2-5 years during a primary care visit to identify unmet financially related social needs (like food, housing or energy insecurity) and help families navigate the social service system. The Community Support Worker will help families complete income tax, apply for benefits and community supports to which they are entitled. The investigators will study the effect on child emotional and behavioural health, parent stress and depression and family income. Results from this study will help health care providers and policy makers understand whether this is an effective way to integrate the health and social service systems to improve child and parent health.

The main goal of this trial is to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of low dose ketamine in patients with OCD. We expect that ketamine will alleviate symptoms in the hours following application, but also - if effective - that the anti-OCD effects might last for several days after a single infusion.

Although highly effective, treatments like FCT include extinction, which can have adverse side effects. The extinction burst, an increase in the frequency or intensity of destructive behavior at the start of treatment, is the most common side effect of extinction, and can increase the risk of harm to the patient and others. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence of extinction bursts when various parameters of reinforcement (i.e., rate, magnitude, quality) are manipulated.

The overarching, long-term goals are to develop a non-invasive biological approach to prevention of youth aggression, and ultimately adult violence. The specific aims of this 2 x 2 randomized, double-blind, stratified, placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 supplementation to adolescents and caregivers are: (1) to investigate whether a nutritional intervention to adolescents and their parents can reduce externalizing behavior problems; (2) to examine the impact of a dual nutritional intervention to both parents and adolescents on adolescent externalizing behavior problems; (3) to identify mechanisms of action by which omega-3 supplementation impacts externalizing behavior in adolescents. It is expected that omega-3 supplementation will reduce adolescent behavior problems, and that dual supplementation to both the caregiver and adolescent will result in exponential improvements in adolescent behavior. A secondary prediction is that improvements in neurocognitive functioning will partially account for any behavioral improvements observed. Effects on scholastic ability are also explored.

Many children with autism demonstrate severe problem behavior (SPB) in the form of self-injury, aggression, and disruptive behavior. Conducting a functional analysis and implementing derived treatments can produce effective behavior plans. Nonetheless, skills training and an effective plan may not be sufficient to produce parent adherence. This applied research proposal describes an approach to target the negative maintaining contingencies supporting parent reinforcement of problem behavior (accommodation) and nonadherence. The intervention, borrowed from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Behavioral Activation strategies, is matched specifically to the hypothesized function of the problematic caregiver responses (negative reinforcement). Parents who participate in the proposed investigation will be assigned to either the Defuse Experience Accept Live intervention (DEAL) protocol group or treatment as usual. Five 45-min DEAL sessions will 1) introduce caregivers to behavior change strategies that maximize contact with positive-maintaining contingencies related to adherence, while undermining the contingencies that maintain accommodation, and 2) provide caregivers with new treatment-related committed actions that are sensitive to positive changes in parent-child interactions. Within and between participant analyses will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the DEAL protocol.

The heterogeneity of depression suggests that several different neurocircuits and pathophysiological mechanisms are involved. Anhedonia - the inability to experience pleasure from, or the lack of motivation to carry out, usually enjoyable activities - is a promising endophenotype within the depression spectrum, with a distinct pathophysiology involving dopaminergic mesolimbic projections. Anhedonia is common in depression and associated with treatment resistance. Pramipexole, an agonist to the dopamine -receptor 3, is an established treatment of Parkinson's disease. Based on its mechanism of action, pramipexole might be efficacious in a subtype of depression characterized by anhedonia and lack of motivation - symptoms linked to dopaminergic hypofunction. This is supported by animal data, clinical experience, and recent pilot study data, but randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are lacking. In this double-blind placebo-controlled RCT the anti-anhedonic and antidepressant effects of add-on pramipexole will be tested, using an "enriched population study design" including only depressed patients with significant anhedonia. To better understand the neurobiology of anhedonia in depression and to identify treatment predictors, simultaneous assessments of anhedonia-related neurocircuitry using (f)MRI will be done, and anhedonia-related biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid analyzed. The aim of the study is to confirm the efficacy of pramipexole in this depression subtype, which would be an important step towards personalized medicine in psychiatry.