Active clinical trials for "Lung Diseases"

Purpose: To analyze the effects of Ramadan observance (RO) on pulmonary variables, exercise performance and postural balance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Twenty COPD patients (age=72.7 ± 4.1 yr, non-smokers, without cardiac or neuromuscular complications) were evaluated. Tests performed one week before Ramadan (C), and during the second (R-2) and the fourth weeks of Ramadan (R-4) included standard spirometry, a quality of life questionnaire (VQ11), a 6-min walking test (6MWT), measurement of maximal voluntary contraction force of the quadriceps (MVC), Timed Get Up and Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Unipedal Stance (UST).

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common progressive lung disease which causes breathlessness and frequent exacerbations, with patients often requiring hospitalisation. Patients with severe COPD commonly become housebound and lose their independence. They have a higher symptom burden than those with incurable lung cancer, yet are less likely to receive specialist palliative care, or to have been engaged in advance care planning (where patients discuss and often document their wishes regarding their future care). Hospital admissions become increasingly common towards the end-of-life; therefore, hospitalisation is a good opportunity to identify patients at risk of poor outcome. Such patients may wish to consider alternatives to admission and avoid intrusive treatments. Unfortunately, predicting which patients are likely to die in the near future is challenging thus far. The first step required to improve provision of palliative care services, and ensure patients are given the opportunity to make truly informed decisions about their future care, is accurate identification of those most likely to benefit. Well-designed clinical (prognostic) tools outperform clinician judgement in most settings. The investigators will compare the accuracy of one year mortality prediction of several clinical tools in patients who survive a COPD exacerbation requiring admission. This will initially be performed using existing data collected during previous research (the 1,593 patient validation study for the PEARL score - Previous admissions, extended Medical Research Council Dyspnoea score, Age, Right and Left heart failure), then confirmed in at least 310 patients admitted uniquely and consecutively with an exacerbation of COPD. The latter group of patients will be invited to participate in a longitudinal follow-up study, assessing symptom burden, quality of life, and readmissions over one year.

Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) of Prematurity is a common yet challenging co-morbidity affecting extremely premature newborns. Multifactorial influences leading to this co-morbidity is known and targeted in various research studies. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common among the same cohort of patients. The investigators hypothesize that recurrent milk reflux into the airways of the premature babies worsen the inflammation of premature lungs and is a major contributor of CLD. The investigators hypothesize that Continuous feeding (CF) minimises GER and micro-aspiration, thereby reducing the incidence and severity of CLD in high-risk infants. Our aim is to compare the effect of intermittent bolus versus continuous intra-gastric feeding on the incidence and severity of CLD in very low birth weight infants ≤ 1250 grams.

Peripheral muscle oxidative function is altered in COPD(chronic obstrutive pulmonary disease) patients. Multiple factors could contribute to this dysfunction including chronic hypoxia and deconditioning (sedentarity). The evaluation of mitochondrial function is based on invasive method (muscle biopsy and in vitro respirometry) or magnetic resonance spectroscopy limited to small muscle groups. Recently, a non invasive method has been described using Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS). During arterial occlusion, muscle deoxygenation is only dependent of local oxygen consumption. The time constant recovery (k) of the deoxygenation during repeated ischemia periods has been shown to be correlated to measurements of maximal mitochondrial capacity. k is lower in COPD patients compared to smokers without bronchial obstruction. However, the influence of arterial hypoxia has never been studied precisely, no more than the confounding effect of deconditioning on k. So , the aim is to compare k in COPD patients with chronic hypoxemia (treated with long term oxygenotherapy, LTOT+ group) and patients without hypoxia, matched for their physical activity (LTOT- group). The hypothe is that k will be lower in LTOT+ group compared to LTOT- group and that short term O2 supplementation will improve it, which would suggest a muscle hypoxia. By contrast, O2 should not influence k in LOT- group, in whom it is mainly determined by muscle conditioning.

To compariing the uniportal and tubeless video assisted thoracic surgery and trnsbronchial lung cryobiopsy within the multidisciplinary discussion context in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease，and assess the safety and cost-effectiveness. This is a prospective control trial.

This was an observational pilot study to examine the usefulness of an electronic sensor that monitors short-acting beta-agonist inhaled medication use. The goals of this study were to: 1) test the feasibility of using the inhaler sensor to measure worsening symptoms and exacerbations, 2) characterize physical activity in patients with COPD, and 3) examine whether environmental factors can be linked to mild exacerbations measured by the inhaler sensor.

Although there are numerous data demonstrating the impact of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) on respiratory functions, there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of respiratory functions on parameters such as sleep quality, dyspnea, and fatigue. The primary objective of the study is to examine the influence of changes in respiratory muscle functions in ILD on sleep quality, dyspnea, and fatigue parameters. The secondary objective is to investigate the effects of respiratory muscle functions in ILD on parameters such as cough, pain, exercise capacity, peripheral muscle strength, anxiety, depression, and quality of life.

Studies have documented impaired cognitive function in patients with COPD. The possible reasons for this and correlation to the severity of the disease are not well described. This explorative study examines the cognitive skills of COPD patients, quantified by their ability to drive a vehicle and other cognitive test. Furthermore, we want to study the cognitive skills in COPD patients before and after they are diagnosed with and treated for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The overall hypothesis is that chronic lung patients´ cognitive skills correlate with the severity of their disease. We expect that their ability to drive a vehicle drops in relation to the severity of the disease and to comorbidities.

HRCT was used to evaluate pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD. The role of H2S in pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD was analyzed, in order to provide a basis for seeking new therapeutic targets.

As in-clinic pulmonary function testing is greatly restricted due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19), alternative approaches to monitoring patients with long-term respiratory conditions need to be developed and assessed. This project will evaluate the feasibility of a remote monitoring programme designed for interstitial lung disease (ILD) [including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)] patients which includes patient-reported spirometry & pulse oximetry (to estimate lung airflow and oxygen levels in the blood). Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ILD will be asked to measure spirometry & pulse oximetry once/day for approximately three months. Each patient will be supplied with a spirometer & pulse oximeter for home use. There will be no other changes to patients' care. The clinical teams responsible for care of the patients will be able to view all patient-recorded data immediately after data are recorded by the patient. Feasibility of remote monitoring will be assessed by determining the proportion of patients who provide measurements at least 3 times/week and on at least 70% of days in the observation period. Patient engagement (Patient Activation Measure), changes in spirometry measurements over time and healthcare resource utilisation (e.g. number of in-clinic visits) will also be assessed. Other outcomes assessed will include estimation of the proportion of patients with significant decreases in lung function, number of occasions where critical alert values of physiological parameters are reported and number of interventions by healthcare professionals in response to observations or alerts from remote monitoring. Feedback from patients and healthcare providers on user experience will also be sought. Learnings from this project will be used to assess the wider application of delivery of digitally-based remote monitoring in management of long-term respiratory conditions.