Active clinical trials for "Lung Injury"

Background Ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) remains a problem in neonatology. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) provides effective gas exchange with minimal pressure fluctuation around a continuous distending pressure and therefore small tidal volume. Animal studies showed that recruitment and maintenance of functional residual capacity (FRC) during HFOV ("open lung concept") could reduce lung injury. "Open lung HFOV" is achieved by delivering a moderate high mean airway pressure (MAP) using oxygenation as a guide of lung recruitment. Some neonatologists suggest combining HFOV with recurrent sigh-breaths (HFOV-sigh) delivered as modified conventional ventilator-breaths at a rate of 3/min. The clinical observation is that HFOV-sigh leads to more stable oxygenation, quicker weaning and shorter ventilation. This may be related to improved lung recruitment. Electric Impedance Tomography (EIT) enables measurement and mapping of regional ventilation distribution and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). EIT generates cross-sectional images of the subject based on measurement of surface electrical potentials resulting from an excitation with small electrical currents and has been shown to be a valid and safe tool in neonates. Purpose, aims: To compare HFOV-sigh with HFOV-only and determine if there is a difference in global and regional EELV (primary endpoints) and spatial distribution of ventilation measured by EIT To provide information on feasibility and treatment effect of HFOV-sigh to assist planning larger studies. We hypothesize that EELV during HFOV-sigh is higher, and that regional ventilation distribution is more homogenous. Methods: Infants at 24-36 weeks corrected gestational age already on HFOV are eligible. Patients will be randomly assigned to HFOV-sigh (3 breaths/min) followed by HFOV-only or vice versa for 4 alternating 1-hours periods (2-treatment, double crossover design, each patient being its own control). During HFOV-sigh set-pressure will be reduced to keep MAP constant, otherwise HFOV will remain at pretrial settings. 16 ECG-electrodes for EIT recording will be placed around the chest at study start. Each recording will last 180s, and will be done at baseline and at 30 and 50 minutes after each change in ventilator modus. Feasibility No information of EIT-measured EELV in babies on HFOV-sigh exists. This study is a pilot-trial. In a similar study-protocol of lung recruitment during HFOV-sigh using "a/A-ratio" as outcome, 16 patients was estimated to be sufficient to show an improvement by 25%. This assumption was based on clinical experience in a unit using HFOV-sigh routinely. As the present study examines the same intervention we assume that N=16 patients will be a sufficient sample size. We estimate to include this number in 6 months.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of lung recruitment maneuver in patients with early ALI/ARDS

This is an early phase (Phase IIa), randomized, double-blind, parallel group, multi-centre study for subjects with trauma (physical injury) who are at risk for developing Acute Lung Injury (ALI) or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The primary purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of SB-681323, which is a potent, selective inhibitor of p38 alpha (MAPK) (prevents inflammation of tissue), in comparison to a placebo.

The central purpose of this proposal is to study the short-term effects of sedation with sympatholysis, using α2 adrenergic agent Dexmedetomidine, on sleep and inflammation in critically ill patients with Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Disorder Syndrome (ALI/ARDS). An additional objective is to determine the effect of Dexmedetomidine sedation on the in-vitro production of sleep-modulating inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of critically ill patients with ALI/ARDS.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common, life-threatening complication among pediatric leukemia and lymphoma and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Although these children represent a relatively small and unique patient population, they account for the largest proportion of deaths of all pediatric diseases. The long-term goal of this project is to improve outcomes among these patients. Recently, the intratracheal administration of calfactant has resulted in decreased mortality among children with ALI including promising results among children with cancer and following HSCT. Consequently, the primary specific aim of this study is to assess the effect of calfactant on intensive care (PICU) survival among pediatric leukemia and lymphoma and HSCT patients with ALI. Secondary aims include assessment of the effect of calfactant on oxygenation and on the length of mechanical ventilation, PICU stay, and hospital stay. Calfactant therapy has been found to be of benefit in acute lung injury in the overall pediatric population by improving oxygenation and decreasing mortality. These findings, in conjunction with recent subgroup analysis in which calfactant therapy appeared to improve outcomes in immunocompromised children provide the rationale for assessing calfactant therapy in this patient population. Funding Source - FDA Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD)

This is a prospective, randomized (1:1), double-blind, multi-center, Phase II clinical study to test the safety and efficacy of a recombinant chimeric anti-tissue factor antibody (ALT-836) versus placebo in patients with sepsis and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). This study was divided into two parts and the first part of the study has been completed. In the first part of the study, sixty patients were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive one dose of the study drug or placebo. In the second part of the study, ninety patients will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive a multi-dose treatment regimen of single doses every 72 hours up to a maximum of 4 doses of the study drug or placebo, provided there are no safety concerns.

The purpose of this study is to test a treatment that tries to reduce the amount of fluid in the lungs of subjects with acute lung injury to see if this is helpful.

The hypothesis of this study is use of CytoSorb hemoperfusion device as an adjunctive therapy to the standard of care in treating ARDS/ALI patients in the setting of sepsis will result in improved clearance of cytokines when compared to control patients receiving only the standard of care.

The purpose of this study is to see whether esophageal pressure (PES) measurements will allow the investigators to choose the best method of mechanical ventilation in patients with acute lung injury (ALI).

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Lung failure is the main cause of death related to COVID-19 infection. The main objective of this study was to evaluate if ibrutinib is safe and can reduce respiratory failure in participants with COVID-19 infection.