Active clinical trials for "Rabies"

Background. The World Health Organization recommends pre-exposure vaccination (PreP) to protect children living in canine rabies endemic countries. Including PreP in national childhood immunization programs (EPI) is a viable option. Methods. In an open-label phase II clinical trial, 200 healthy toddlers were randomized to receive Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine (PCECV) in a 3-dose Full-IM (1mL), Half-IM (0.5mL), 3-ID (0.1mL), or a 2-dose 2-ID (0.1mL) regimen, all in combination with two doses of Japanese Encephalitis (JEV), or JEV alone. One booster dose of PCECV (IM or ID) and JEV, or JEV alone was administered concomitantly one year after primary vaccination. Safety was evaluated after each injection. Blood was drawn on days 0 and 49, one year later prior to booster and on days 7 and 28 post-booster, and at two and three years post primary vaccination. All sera were analyzed for rabies and JE virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA, JEVNA).

Rabies is a viral zoonosis that causes an encephalitis, almost invariably fatal. It is widely distributed across the globe: the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 2,4 billion people live in endemic areas for canine rabies. Vaccination of domestic animals is limited to industrialized and middle-income countries. The development of clinical rabies can be prevented through timely immunization after exposure: however, preventive vaccination simplifies the post-exposure procedure considerably, as immunoglobulins are no longer needed and less vaccine administrations are scheduled. Pre-exposure prophylaxis consists of an intramuscular (IM)of intradermal (ID) dose given on days 0, 7 and 21 or 28. The development of immunological memory after this vaccination is critical for the establishment of long lasting immunity. Subjects receiving a booster dose 1 year after pre-exposure prophylaxis segregate themselves into 'good' and 'poor' responders; the former may not need further boosters for 10 years, whereas the latter may need more frequent boosters. Until recently, guidelines in travel medicine recommended pre-exposure vaccination only for some risk groups. Since recent studies have shown the effectiveness of the ID vaccination, the policies are changing towards pre-exposure vaccination for a larger population, including travelers to endemic regions, where immunoglobulins and vaccine are often not readily available. Based on the above, the investigators must stress the concept of "boostability" after a risk exposure. However, the current pre-exposure vaccination scheme could be improved: a schedule of 1 week would be less time consuming, would improve compliance and give less interference with other prophylaxis measures, e.g. mefloquine. Two small studies suggest that a schedule of 1 week interval is as effective and immunogenic as the standard one. The investigators will investigate whether the accelerated schedule is as effective as the classical schedule, by carrying out a randomized, non-inferiority study.

The use of antibiotics changes micro-organisms in the intestines which may impact the body's vaccine immune response and alter the effectiveness of the rabies vaccine. There will be two randomized groups (1:1 randomization). Group A will start taking an antibiotic regimen by mouth 3 days prior to vaccination and continue taking antibiotics the day of rabies vaccination and one day after vaccination for a total of 5 days. Group B will only receive the rabies vaccination and will not take any antibiotics. The dosage of each antibiotic is taken from their respective package inserts and does not exceed the maximum dose allowed for each antibiotic. The purpose of the study is to look at immune response after rabies vaccination with or without the use of antibiotics from day of vaccination to 28 days post vaccination in both groups.

The purpose of this study is to: 1. Evaluate the safety and tolerability of KamRAB in comparison with Human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) comparator product. 2. To assess whether KamRAB interferes with the development of self active antibodies when given simultaneously with active rabies vaccine, as compared to the HRIG comparator product, also given in conjunction with the active rabies vaccine.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a two dose versus a three dose schedule and intramuscular versus intradermal injection for pre-exposure prophylaxis.

This study intends to use a randomized controlled trial design to vaccinate all participants against rabies and perform ARA interventions during vaccination to test the efficacy, safety, and intestinal flora of each group after immunization.

After exposure, rabies can be prevented in almost 100% of cases by the administration of sufficient and timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). PEP is based on wound cleansing, antisepsis, administration of rabies vaccine as well as rabies immunoglobulin, if reviewed. However, anti-rabies PEP remains too often out of financial and / or geographic access, especially for poor and / or rural populations in endemic countries who remain the most exposed to the risk of contracting rabies. Two major studies planned in Cambodia between 2014 and 2018 - the RESIST 0/1 clinical - epidemiological study and the RESIST-2 study on the antibody response to the vaccine - provided the basis that allowed a change in international recommendations on PPE. Since April 2018, the new "IPC protocol" of three sessions of reduced double doses (0.1 mL x 2) administered intradermally (ID) over one week has replaced the already very effective "TRC protocol" of four sessions over one month which was the reference dose-sparing protocol for endemic countries until 2018. It remains to be determined whether the IPC protocol (3 sessions / 1 week) confers long-term immunity equivalent to that obtained after a TRC ID protocol (4 sessions / 1 month). This question is of importance to public health decision-makers and clinical teams in endemic countries who would hesitate to switch to the abbreviated IPC protocol.

This is an exploratory trial to evaluate the effect of antimalarial drugs on the immune response generated by rabies vaccine when administered for post-exposure prophylaxis. This study will use the FDA approved post-exposure prophylaxis vaccine regimen (without rabies immune globulin) in the presence or absence of an FDA-approved malaria chemoprophylaxis regimen.

x-ray has been proven to kill Rabies virus in vitro, so the investigators can use it in treatment of rabies infected patients.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the 1 year immunogenicity persistence of Rabipur in children 6-17 years of age, and compare the Zagreb regimen with the Essen regimen.