Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Aspiration"

The goal of this pilot prospective cohort study is to examine the reproducibility of gastric volume and emptying as measured by gastric ultrasound and its correlation to a gold-standard test for gastric emptying in the perioperative period in pediatric patients. The main questions it aims to answer are: What is the reliability (inter-rater variability between expert and novice assessors, and intra-rater variability) of a) the gastric antral cross-sectional area (CSA) and b) gastric volume using the Perlas US qualitative grading assessment, measured by using an ultrasound device in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery? What is the correlation between ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying by the antral-CSA and gastric emptying determined by the acetaminophen absorption test (AAT), the gold standard? The study will include two cohorts. Cohort assignment will be based on age and anesthesia induction plan. Subjects >7yrs of age and expected to get an IV induction will be assigned to Cohort #1. Subjects <7yrs of age and not expected to get an IV induction will be assigned to Cohort #2. Cohort 1 will include abdominal ultrasound for gastric assessment AND the acetaminophen absorption test which includes administering enteral acetaminophen (tylenol) with 6 oz of water and drawing of blood samples through a peripheral intravenous line. Cohort 2 will include subjects for whom a peripheral intravenous line placement is not part of routine pre-operative care. Procedures for Cohort 2 will include abdominal ultrasound only in the pre-op area (no tylenol). This cohort is included to examine the reliability of measurements across age groups.

Dysfunctional breathing might participate to dyspnoea in long COVID-19. This study investigate the prognosis of patients diagnosed with dysfunctional breathing after SARS-CoV-2 infection in our center.

To correlate the data obtained by Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) during the spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) on a T-piece, in children, with failure in the trial and Extubation failure. Observe if the EIT monitoring will be able to detect the children that will fail earlier than the SBT performed alone. Method: A cross-sectional, prospective study to explore the potential benefits of monitoring with EIT during weaning.

This research concerns children with complex neuro-disability. Damage to the developing brain leads to lifelong disturbances in motor control, seizures, cognition, communication, eating and drinking, and behaviour. Children with complex neuro-disability are dependent upon others to move and position them. Children commonly experience chronic lung disease, leading to frequent hospitalisation, medical interventions and premature death. Respiratory illness may be triggered by "aspiration", i.e. when saliva, food, liquid or stomach contents enter the lungs. Aspiration risks increase at night-time when supervision is limited and children are positioned on their backs. Some children experience repeated breathing complications requiring prolonged hospital stays including respiratory support in intensive care. Consultant Respiratory Paediatrician Akshat Kapur and Physiotherapist Hilda Perry developed a new night-time intervention to improve respiratory health of children with complex neuro-disability. Dr Kapur and his team have found that this intervention can help reduce respiratory illness and time spent in hospital for some children. This is an acceptability and feasibility study which means we want to find out if this new intervention is something that children with complex neuro-disability and their families are happy (i.e. it is acceptable) and able (i.e. it is feasible) to do. If so, a larger future research study can be designed to find out if the intervention works to improve the respiratory health of children with complex neuro-disability.

This study evaluates the correlation between maximum inspiratory pressure (Pi max) and the diaphragm maximum inspiratory excursion measured with ultrasound during the weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation.

In patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, coronary artery disease, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), atrial fibrillation (AF) perioperative atrial fibrillation and complications will be assessed. The primary objective is to determine, whether SDB patients have a higher rate of Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE) within 30 days after surgery compared to those without SDB.

Malaria, schistosomiasis and ancylostomiasis are three parasitic diseases which affect hundreds of millions of people and are an important cause of global mortality and morbidity. For the control of these poverty related parasitic diseases, and to complement chemotherapeutic strategies, accurate and accessible diagnostic procedures play a crucial role. In recent years, innovative smart mobile technologies have been applied for detection and identification of cultured parasite species, which is basically based on sample imaging and parasite morphology identification. Promising advances have been made with this technology and coupled with its small size, low cost and easy to manipulate, makes it suitable for point of care diagnostics in low resource setting. The aim of the proposed explorative study is to further validate sensitivity and specificity of each of the developed devices, using besides microscopy a range of more advanced reference tests.

Currently, measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) using oesophageal and gastric balloons is the gold standard for the assessment of diaphragmatic effort. This technique is relatively invasive and its interpretation may be complex. The diaphragmatic longitudinal strain (LSdi) and strain rate (LSRdi) might provide additional information in the assessment of diaphragmatic effort and movement during SBT, allowing early detection of diaphragmatic dysfunction. Patients will be monitored during a 30-120 minutes SBT consisting of no assistance on the ventilator using CPAP with a pressure level of 0 cmH2O. Parameters to evaluate diaphragm function will include diaphragmatic strain (LSdi and LSRdi), diaphragmatic thickening fraction (TFdi), and airway occlusion pressure (ΔP0.1 and ΔPocc). These parameters will be measured immediately before ('baseline') the SBT, as well as 2 minutes ('early' assessment), 15 ('intermediate' assessment) and 30 minutes ('late' assessment) after the beginning of the SBT.

This study aims to determine whether the risk for sleep-disordered breathing in infants with myelomeningocele (a severe form of spina bifida) differs among those who underwent fetal vs. postnatal surgery, and to examine the link between sleep-disordered breathing and neurodevelopment.

The purpose of this study is to calibrate the average breathing rate measurement of the PAD-2A device to be within ±2 breaths per minute of clinical capnography breathing rate measurements.