Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Aspiration"

The purpose of this study is to determine whether different types of breathing therapies in patients with COPD III-IV decrease dyspnea and increase activity.

Given the large numbers of children who undergo tonsillectomy (by the time a child is 15 years old, 13% of his/her peers will have had a tonsillectomy), the significant morbidity, and direct and indirect costs associated with absences for child from school or parent from work or other responsibilities, it is vitally important to identify surgical techniques which will minimize pain and serious negative outcomes. This study aims to compare a new surgical technique, PEAK® Surgery System, with electrocautery, one of the most commonly used methods for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy in children 3 to 6 years old with a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing. In this project, the investigator will evaluate intra-operative outcomes including, surgery time and bleeding rates, and post-operative pain scores, bleeding rates, time to resumption of normal diet and activity, analgesic type and use, and frequency of emergent visits over 14 days following surgery. The hypothesis is that there is no difference in outcomes between the traditional extracapsular electrocautery dissection method of tonsillectomy versus the newly introduced Peak® Surgery System. The long-term goal is to minimize pain and risk of bleeding and shorten the time to resumption of normal eating and activities in children undergoing tonsillectomy.

Urination is a result of a complex neuro-muscular coordination which involves the action and arrangement of different parts of nervous systems as well as the muscular structure of the lower part of the urinary system. When there is an abnormal pattern in bladder and bowel habits without any known neuronal lesions, the condition is called bladder and bowel disorder (BBD). The symptoms can range from the feeling of rushing to the toilet, urinary accidents to urinating much less than expected during the day. The standard treatment for most cases of BBD starts with Standard Urotherapy (SU) which is a beneficial basic and harmless form of treatment widely used for all children with BBD. SU involves explaining of the problem to the children and their parents by the doctors and educating them on proper voiding mechanisms, sitting, and standing positions as well as how and when to void. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of testing the additive effectiveness of Diaphragmatic Breathing exercise (DB) as an alternative and harmless additional treatment to SU in children with BBD.

Reduced exercise tolerance is commonly reported in patients with bronchiectasis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (High-IMT) and sham High-IMT (control) on exercise capacity, respiratory muscle function (strength and endurance) and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis.

This study evaluates the effect of pre-treatment with either cromolyn sodium or albuterol sulfate on the safety and tolerability or PUL-042 Inhalation Solution in healthy subjects.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorders characterized by intermittent obstructions of the upper airway during sleep. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) has been shown to be the most efficacious treatment for OSA. It consists of a small device that provides positive airway pressure delivered by a mask attached to the patients nose/mouth.

The study investigated the effect of diaphragmatic breathing as an additional coping strategy during Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in patients with aviophobia. The authors assumed that diaphragmatic breathing (DB) would lead to less fear and physiological arousal during the VRET and to an enhanced treatment outcome

This short-term study aims to prove the potential cardio-protective physiological effect of inhaled aclidinium bromide/formoterol fumarate on inspiratory pleural pressures. Smoking is associated with gas-trapping (hyperinflation), even in the absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Breathing in the presence of gas-trapping requires large negative inspiratory pleural pressures, which are transmitted to the surface of the heart and increase cardiac wall stress. Inhaled aclidinium bromide and formoterol fumarate has been shown to reduce gas-trapping, but the impact on inspiratory pleural pressures and biomarkers of cardiac stress in smokers is unknown.

Sleep disorder breathing (SDB) is a condition affecting 10% of children aged 2-6 years. It is a combination of snoring most nights during sleep, patchy sleep, short periods of stopping breathing (apnoea) and usually big tonsils. Most of these children get better with no treatment by 8 years old. It has been suggested that having SDB mean that some children concentrate and behave less well during the day and may learn more slowly than children who don't snore. It has become common for many Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeons to take out tonsils and adenoids (adenotonsillectomy) for this condition. Removing the tonsils and adenoids (which are normally big at this age) means that most children quickly stop snoring and seem to be cured. Unfortunately it is not clear if this operation makes any difference to learning compared to just watching the child and letting them "grow out" of the condition (watchful waiting). There is no set treatment in the UK today. Children may be offered adenotonsillectomy or watchful waiting; it is not know which, long term, is the right thing to do. Therefore the investigators wish to do a study looking at these two different treatments to see if there is a difference in children's learning over time between the two different treatments. The investigators will look at children with SDB, measure their learning (and behaviour) and then randomly select which children get one treatment or the other. They will then re-measure learning (and behaviour) 7 months later to see if there is any difference between the two groups. The investigators will also scientifically measure their sleep. This is possibly quite a difficult study to do, the investigators are unsure whether families will agree to take part and how easy it will be to measure learning with such young children (aged 2:6 - 5).

It is extensively reported in the literature that patients with chronic obstructive lung disease may have impairments in balance and postural control which further increase the disease burden. Mechanisms related to these impairments include, but are not limited to increased work of breathing, diaphragm weakness, peripheral muscle weakness and systemic inflammation. Since the similar symptoms are reported for the children with cystic fibrosis, it is hypothesized that balance and postural control may also be compromised in these patients. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is shown to improve diaphragm strength and pulmonary function. Considering the relation between diaphragm which is one of the core muscles, and balance, IMT may also have an impact on postural control and balance alongside the standard clinical parameters such as respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function and functional capacity in these patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training and conventional chest physiotherapy on postural stability, balance, pulmonary function and functional capacity in children with cystic fibrosis.