Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Aspiration"

Assessing the impact of anesthesia practice on global warming and carbon footprint becomes part of the standard of care and is growing concern within the anesthesia community. Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a measure of how much a given mass of greenhouse gas contributes to global warming over a specified time period. Inhaled anesthetics have various GWP20: 349 for sevoflurane and 3714 for desflurane. However, GWP20 and CDE20 alone are not sufficient to evaluate the environmental impact of anesthetic gases. Other parameters must be included in the analysis: fresh gas flow (FGF), carrier gas (air, O2, N2O) and potency of the anesthetic gas. Unfortunately, the majority of trials did not fully consider the FGF reduction and the fact that desflurane can be administered with new closed or very low-flow anesthesia circuits as opposed as the recommended 2L/min that must be used for sevoflurane according to its monography in Canada. Most of the calculations were made on a purely theoretical approach that could be different from actual measurements based on a strictly monitored anesthesia practice. When continuous and accurate gas monitoring and analysis is used as recommended nowadays, the use of closed or semi-closed-circuit anesthesia with very low FGF might allow for a reduction of more than 80% of the anesthetic gas administration and its consequent pollution. By properly monitoring the anesthesia depth and analgesia adequacy, the investigators can reduce the gas consumption. The proposed study will aim at determining whether with the help of high-quality monitoring (BIS and NOL) and high-end ventilators that allow minimal fresh gas flow, the use of desflurane remains more polluting than sevoflurane.

Radiotherapy is a common treatment for lung cancer. One Challenge of delivering radiation treatment to lung tumors accurately is tumor movement which occurs as a patient breathes. In some situations, tumors move enough during breathing so that some or all of the tumor may be missed by a radiation treatment. One way to decrease the amount a lung tumor moves during radiotherapy treatments is for patients to held their breath briefly during a radiation treatment. By doing this, a patient's lung tumor may not move as much as it would during regular breathing. In this study, the investigators aim to study patients with lung cancers which move during breathing. Patients will be asked to hold their breath after inspiration while a CT scan of their lung tumor is obtained. The purpose of this study is to study how much less patients' lung tumors move when they hold their breath

Spirometry testing should include both expiratory and inspiratory measurements as it may influence the expiratory flow volume curve indices. The ability to inhale medication may by judged by inspiratory flows. However, the inspiratory portion of the forced flow/volume maneuver in young healthy children has not yet been described.Objectives: To document and analyze the forced inspiratory flow volume curve indices in healthy young children. Settings: Community kindergartens around Israel. participants; Healthy preschool children (age 2.5-6.5 years). Methods: The teaching method included multi-target, interactive spirometry games (SpiroGame®) and accessory games for inspiration (e.g. inspiratory whistle). Results: One hundred and fourteen of 157 children performed duplicate full adequate inspiratory maneuvers. Repeatability between two maneuvers was 5.6%, 4.0%, 5.1%, 7.3% for inspiratory capacity (IVC), forced inspiratory capacity (FIVC), peak inspiratory capacity (PIF), and mid inspiratory flow (MIF50), respectively. Inspiratory flow indices were significantly lower than the parallel expiratory flow indices and the time to reach PIF was significantly slower than the time to reach peak expiratory flow (meanSD; 22921ms vs. 92 8ms; p<0.0001). The shape of the inspiratory curve was parabolic and did not change with age. Predicted equations that were formed were in agreement with the extrapolated prediction equation values of older children. We found that the majority of healthy young children can produce reliable inspiratory curves. Our results provide a framework for reference equations for inspiratory flow volume curve in the young ages. The clinical applications of these equations are yet to be explored.

The goal of this observational study is to profile the circulating immunological traits of patients with traumatic lung injury (TLI) and inhalation injury (ILI),providing a new direction for the depth research of the pathogenesis, and providing new immune-related targets for diagnosis of the severity of lung injury and treatment. The investigators performed scRNA-seq of neutrophil and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 ml fresh circulating blood from 3 patients with TLI and 3 patients with ILI at longitudinal timepoints,as well as peripheral blood from 3 health controls(HCs).

Maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max, is the gold standard to evaluate human aerobic fitness, which stands for the maximal capacity of cardiorespiratory system and musculoskeletal system to transport and utilize oxygen. Previous study showed that there is significant correlation between maximal oxygen consumption from cardiopulmonary exercise test and strength and endurance of lower extremities. In people with sedentary lifestyle, they often limited by the lower limb muscle performance during cardiopulmonary exercise test. Their breathing patterns are more irregular than athletes during cardiopulmonary exercise test. However, there is no study comparing the activation pattern of respiratory muscles between these two groups. Whether the breathing pattern in people with lower exercise capacity is less efficient under exertional activities still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption and inspiratory muscle activation pattern in healthy adults.

This is a prospective observational cohort study conducted in the mother-baby unit at ChristianaCare. The study is designed to assess work of breathing indices and oxygen saturation stability at discharge in full-term infants. Data obtained will be used to perform a comparative analysis on work of breathing data for premature infants obtained from our previous study. We hypothesize full term (≥37 weeks gestation) infants have decreased work of breathing indices (i.e., phase angle) compared to premature infants (born 26-37 weeks gestation) at discharge.

To compare work of breathing and oxygen saturation before, during, and after kangaroo mother care in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants stable on non-invasive respiratory support.

This study is looking at the relationship between experiences during pregnancy and cardiovascular health 2 to 3½ years later. The investigators are recruiting women from the approximately 10,000 women who were enrolled and followed over the course of their first pregnancy in another study.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a correlation exists between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide existing within arterial blood and the gradient between inhaled and exhaled fractions of oxygen.

It is hypothesized that different inhalation profiles (inhalation flow rate versus time curves) result from different forms of patient training. Furthermore, significant inter-subject variability in these profiles should exist that can, under some circumstances, depend on the design of different inhalation devices; this is because dry powder inhalers have different airflow resistances. The investigators also hypothesize that the spread of flow rate versus time profiles for inhalation can be collected. Finally, these profiles can be analyzed from a group of human subjects and used to define a mean and statistical range of inhalation flow rate versus time curves. The investigators propose to collect the inhalation profiles from 20 'inhaler naïve' healthy volunteers after they have (a) read a typical inhaler package insert and (b) been formally trained in inhaler use by a pharmacist. No drug exposure will occur. The data will be used from this pilot study to (a) show the inter-subject variability in the inhalation profiles used by adults inhaling through realistic airflow resistances (like those in inhalers) following different types of training (b) show how formal training changes inhalation technique and (c) provide a database of typical inspiratory profiles for use and improvement of realistic tests of inhalers in the laboratory. Since pulmonary deposition from inhalers greatly depends upon the way patients inhale through them, this research will result in a database to improve the design and in vitro characterization of inhalers.