Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn"

The aim of this study is to compare two methods of delivery of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV). Since patient compliance and mechanical characteristics of the delivery devices are two fundamental variables in the success of NIV during acute respiratory failure, our hypothesis is that an improved patient-ventilator interface may improve the efficacy of therapy.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and a lesser condition that occurs prior to ARDS, Acute Lung Injury (ALI), are medical conditions that occur when there is severe inflammation and increased fluids (edema) in both lungs, making it hard for the lungs to function properly. Patients with these conditions require treatment that includes the use of a breathing machine (ventilator). The purpose of this study is to find out whether giving albuterol (a drug commonly used in asthmatics) or not giving albuterol to patients with ALI or ARDS makes a difference in how long it takes for a patient to be able to breath without the ventilator.

This multicenter clinical trial tested whether minimal ventilation decreases death or BPD. Infants with birth weight 501g to 1000g and mechanically ventilated before 12 hours were randomly assigned to minimal ventilation (partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PCO(2)] target >52 mm Hg) or routine ventilation (PCO(2) target <48 mm Hg) and a tapered dexamethasone course or saline placebo for 10 days, using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The primary outcome was death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Blood gases, ventilator settings, and FiO2 were recorded for 10 days; complications and outcomes were monitored to discharge. The infants' neurodevelopment was evaluated at 18-22 months corrected age.

This multicenter trial tested whether inhaled nitric oxide would reduce death or the need for oxygen in preterm infants (less than 34 weeks gestational age) with severe lung disease.

In patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) associated with COVID-19 inflammatory syndrome, the administration of Treg cells is a novel treatment complementary to other pharmacologic interventions that potentially can reduce lung inflammation, promote lung tissue repair, and significantly improve clinical outcomes. This trial is to evaluate the impact of a single IV dose of cePolyTregs given to ARDS patients with COVID-19 inflammatory syndrome.

This study aims to compare epidemiology, management of invasive ventilation and outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 ARDS and ARDS from another pulmonary infection. The investigators will use individual patient data from four recently published large observational COVID-9 studies, including the 'Practice of VENTilation in COVID-19 patients' (PRoVENT-COVID) study, the 'Epidemiology of COVID-19 patients in the ICU' (EPICCoV) study, the 'SATI-COVID-19 - Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19 on Mechanical Ventilation in Argentina: a Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study' and the CIBERESUCICOVID - Personalized Risk and Prognosis Factors and Follow-up at One Year of the Patients Hospitalized in the Spanish Intensive Care Units Infected with COVID -19' study. The investigators will use the individual patient data from ARDS patients with another pulmonary infection from the 'LUNG -SAFE - Large Observational Study to UNderstand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory FailurE' study and the 'ERICC - Epidemiology of Respiratory Insufficiency in Critical Care' study.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe pulmonary insult responsible for major, life-threatening hypoxemia. The alteration of hematosis is secondary to alveolar edema, following damage to the alveolocapillary barrier in response to a systemic inflammatory process. The presence of fluid effusion within the alveolar sacs and the modification of type II pneumocyte activity due to the presence of numerous pro-inflammatory mediators will lead to a quantitative and qualitative alteration of the surfactant. At the same time, leukocyte infiltration will lead to an alteration of the support tissue and to the accumulation of cellular debris. All these elements will lead to a heterogeneous loss of aeration of the lung. In addition, the alveolar units are compressed by the entire lung parenchyma due to the effect of gravity on the edematous tissue. The treatment of ARDS is based on the antagonistic need to maintain hematosis and reduce parenchymal insult secondary to mechanical ventilation. Optimization of mechanical ventilation consists in reducing the volume of gas administered at each respiratory cycle and in limiting thoracic parietal stress by the use of curares. More recently, the interest of the ventral decubitus position has been demonstrated. During such a maneuver, the posterior pulmonary parenchymatous zones, usually subjected to gravity in the supine position, will be able to re-expand under the effect of the prone position and of the positive pressure induced by the ventilator. The increase in parietal elastance, due to the compression of the thorax between the posterior part of the trunk and the bed, also contributes to an improvement in the distribution of inhaled gases within the pulmonary parenchyma by limiting the loss of energy, transmitted directly to the wall. The ventral decubitus position allows to redistribute the ventilation in territories which were not aired before but which participate to the respiratory exchanges because they are still perfused and thus to improve the pulmonary compliance measured. Although described as an atypical form, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to ARDS with severe forms of viral pneumonia and thus require prone positioning. While this results in improved oxygenation and compliance, prone positioning is accompanied by a risk of complications such as pressure sores, described as the most frequent. In addition, the massive influx of patients and more generally the lack of personnel during pandemic peaks has made the application of prone position sometimes complex because it requires human resources. As a result, the benefit/risk ratio of the maneuver is difficult to determine because not all patients respond in the same way to prone positioning. It appeared essential to be able to predict the expected benefit of the prone position before performing the procubitus maneuver. The application of thoracic and abdominal pressures, as part of the respiratory management of patients, is a technique commonly used by physiotherapists. Investigators have demonstrated a similar change in measured lung parenchymal compliance during manual compression of a patient's chest and during prone positioning. In the context of the epidemic, investigators used this test systematically to determine which patients were most likely to benefit from prone positioning and for whom the available resources should be concentrated at any given time.

This study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of lucinactant for inhalation, administered as an aerosol in up to four escalating doses to preterm neonates 26 to 28 weeks gestational age who are receiving nCPAP for RDS compared to neonates receiving nCPAP alone.

The present study will mainly aim at investigating the safety, tolerability and efficacy of different escalating single doses administration of nebulised Curosurf®, in preterm neonates with RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) during nCPAP.

The study aims to assess the basic functionality of a newly designed CPAP machine with reusable circuits to existing machines with disposable circuits, for treatment of newborn infants diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. The assessment will compare a comprehensive list of physiological parameters over the first 72 hours of treatment, and will also monitor rates of side effects and adverse events. The null hypothesis is that infants treated on the two categories of machine (reusable vs disposable) will not differ in relation to key physiological parameters by more than 0.63 standard deviations.