Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn"

The aim of the this study is to assess the short term physiological effects of 3 ventilation strategies for adult patients with ARDS admitted to intensive care unit. Two of those strategies are based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring.

During neonatal mechanical ventilation inflating pressures, tidal volumes, and inflation and expiration times need to be set and adjusted to optimise oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal. The flow of gas into the ventilator circuit has a big effect on ventilation but is usually set to a constant value (~8 L/min) for all babies regardless of size or severity of illness, based on minimal research. High circuit flow may lead to lung damage and low flow to inadequate ventilation. The investigators recently developed a unique system to capture, record, analyse, and display ventilator data at high resolution over long periods. Using this the investigators will investigate, in within patient cross-over studies, how the level of gas flow affects ventilator parameters and ventilation, in two commonly used ventilation modes. The results will determine the lowest circuit flow that ventilates a baby safely and effectively. It will also provide preliminary data for a randomised trial.

Mortality of intubated acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients remains considerably high (around 40%) (Bellani 2016). Early implementation of a specific mechanical ventilation mode that enhances lung protection in patients with mild to moderate AHRF and ARDS on spontaneous breathing may have a tremendous impact on clinical practice. Previous studies showed that the addition of cyclic short recruitment maneuvers (Sigh) to assisted mechanical ventilation: improves oxygenation without increasing ventilation pressures and FiO2; decreases the tidal volumes by decreasing the patient's inspiratory drive; increases the EELV by regional alveolar recruitment; decreases regional heterogeneity of lung parenchyma; decreases patients' inspiratory efforts limiting transpulmonary pressure; improves regional compliances. Thus, physiologic studies generated the hypothesis that addition of Sigh to pressure support ventilation (PSV, the most common assisted mechanical ventilation mode) might decrease ventilation pressures and FiO2, and limit regional lung strain and stress through various synergic mechanisms potentially yielding decreased risk of VILI, faster weaning and improved clinical outcomes. The investigators conceived a pilot RCT to verify clinical feasibility of the addition of Sigh to PSV in comparison to standard PSV. The investigators will enrol 258 intubated spontaneously breathing patients with mild to moderate AHRF and ARDS admitted to the ICU. Patients will be randomized through an online automatic centralized and computerized system to the following study groups (1:1 ratio): PSV group: will be treated by protective PSV settings until day 28 or death or performance of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT); PSV+Sigh group: will be treated by protective PSV settings with the addition of Sigh until day 28 or death or performance of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Indications on ventilation settings, weaning, spontaneous breathing trial and rescue treatment will be specified.

PNEUMA is a preliminary safety and feasibility trial of a novel approach to the titration of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) to safe spontaneous breathing in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO).

Consecutive patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure, CT evidence of bilateral pneumonia and diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) with molecular nasopharyngeal swab consecutively admitted to the COVID Care Unit of the "Santa Maria delle Grazie" Hospital were enrolled. All the patients with clinical indication for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) were randomized 1:1 into two groups: Group A received a fixed Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) of 10 centimetre of water (cmH2O), Group B underwent the PEEP trial to identify the optimal PEEP (defined as the highest value that preceded the appearance of the "lung pulse" at lung ultrasound and that determined an increase in PaO2/FiO2 by at least 20%). Primary endpoint was defined as a composite in-hospital mortality+intubation, secondary endpoint was the improvement of PaO2/FiO2. As safety indicator, the incidence of pneumothorax was collected.

People affected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by COVID-19 virus my require a long lasting invasive mechanical ventilation life support. To prevent damages to the lungs a number of protective lung ventilation measures are taken, one of them encounters the positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration. Up to date, it is unclear the best method to titrate PEEP considering this unconventional syndrome compared to other etiologies. In addition to the long lasting advanced life support and bedridden condition, other factors may affect respiratory and peripheral muscle function of these patients. Therefore, the investigators intend to follow up these patients randomized to one of the three-arm experimental PEEP titration and after ICU discharge their status on clinical, laboratory and physical functions assessments.

Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be lost due to risks such as being sensitive, frequent exposure to birth complications and being prone to infection. The most common causes of mortality in newborn babies in the world; Complications due to preterm delivery (28%), infections (26%) and perinatal asphyxia (23%) were reported. Respiratory problems are observed in 4-6% of newborns. These problems are also important causes of mortality in the neonatal period. Newborn infants are more likely to have respiratory distress due to difficulties in airway calibration, few collateral airways, flexible chest wall, poor airway stability, and low functional residual capacity.Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is frequently used in the treatment of newborns with respiratory failure. Various ventilation modes and strategies are used to optimize mechanical ventilation and prevent ventilator-induced lung injury. Among the important issues to be considered in newborns connected to mechanical ventilator (MV); Choosing an appropriately sized endotracheal tube to reduce airway resistance and minimize respiratory workload, correct positioning, regular nursing care, chest physiotherapy, sedation-analgesia, and infection prevention are also included.

Pilot clinical trial, with a marketed drug -natural component of human plasma-, not approved for this indication, single-center, exploratory, open, randomized, controlled, to study the efficacy and safety of human Antithrombin in patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease and criteria high risk to develop SARS.

This is a multicenter, single-treatment study. Subjects will consist of adults with COVID-19 associated acute lung injury who are being cared for in a critical care environment.

Randomized, double-blind, parallel, two-arms clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of 2 infusions of Wharton-Jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (day 1 and day 3, endovenously at 1E6cells/Kg per dose) in patients with moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Follow-up will be established on days 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Long term follow-up will be performed at 3, 6 and 12 months.