Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn"

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lucinactant for inhalation administered as an aerosolized dose in two doses to preterm neonates 26 - 32 weeks gestational age who are receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) compared to neonates receiving nCPAP alone.

Background: Non-invasive forms of respiratory support have been developed to manage respiratory distress and failure in premature newborns without exposing them to the risks associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. It has been difficult to synchronize non-invasive ventilation due to the large air leaks, high respiratory rates, and small tidal volumes inherent to this interface and population. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a novel mode of ventilation that uses a functional naso/orogastric tube with embedded electrodes which detect diaphragmatic contractions (called the Edi signal). NAVA uses this Edi signal to synchronize ventilator support to the patient's own respiratory efforts and to support these efforts as needed. Few studies have examined the use of NAVA with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in preterm neonates. A group at Arkansas Children's Hospital recently completed a study, looking at work of breathing in an animal model comparing NIV NAVA with the unsynchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure (NIPPV) mode currently used at this hospital. They were able to show that work of breathing was lower with NAVA in this model. This study will take what was shown in the animal model and translate this to the bedside. Using respiratory inductance plethysmography to measure thoracoabdominal asynchrony, this study will compare work of breathing during NIPPV versus NIV NAVA in preterm neonates with respiratory insufficiency. Hypothesis: Work of breathing as estimated by the phase angle (θ) using respiratory inductance plethysmography will be decreased with the use of NIV NAVA in comparison to unsynchronized NIPPV in premature neonates with respiratory insufficiency. Methods: Fifteen premature neonates of between 1-2 kilograms' current weight, with gestational age at birth between 24-34 weeks, and receiving non-invasive ventilation will be enrolled in the study after consent is obtained. The infants will be ventilated using NIV NAVA and NIPPV applied in random order for 15 minutes each while using respiratory inductance plethysmography to measure thoracoabdominal asynchrony as an estimate of work of breathing. Significance: This study will identify whether or not NIV NAVA has advantages over NIPPV for improving work of breathing in premature neonates.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two different techniques of non-invasive ventilation (nCPAP and nHFOV) on gas exchange in preterm infants recovering from respiratory distress syndrome.

The investigators hypothesis is that patients at risk of ARDS, detected by LIPS (Lung Injury Prediction Score), under mechanical ventilation could benefit from a protective ventilatory strategy (used in ARDS treatment) in order to avoid or decrease the ARDS development. This would lead to a decrease in incidence, mortality and health care costs associated to this syndrome. This study will help to confirm the current evidence about low tidal volumes, evaluating adverse events of this strategy.

The specific aims of this study are to evaluate the amount of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) gas flow required to generate an equivalent positive distending pressure as that provided by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) of 6 cm H2O, assess the relationships between positive distending pressure, gas flow, oxygen requirement, and patient weight, and lastly, develop an appropriate protocol to be used in the NICU for transitioning patients from NCPAP to an equivalent amount of HFNC.

The investigators aim to study the effect of different levels of PEEP in ALI/ARDS patients on gas exchange.

Administration of steroid to the mother in imminent preterm delivery is a known effective practice to decrease the risk of respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants if given with a week of the preterm delivery. This randomized clinical trial is performed to test the possibility whether the repeat dose of steroid results in further reduction of these diseases in case the mother is in imminent preterm delivery more than a week after the first antenatal steroid treatment.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients following blunt traumatic injury with hypovolemic shock, who receive either lactated ringer's solution or hypertonic saline with dextran (HSD) resuscitation; also, to focus specifically on neurologic outcome in patients with brain injury and on the effect of HSD resuscitation on inflammatory cell responsiveness.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether Carperitide is safe and effective in the management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

To determine the effects of ibuprofen on mortality, development and reversal of shock, and adult respiratory distress syndrome, and on Lung Parenchymal Injury Score in adult patients with serious infection.