Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Distress Syndrome"

Patients with chest wall elastance increasing could worsen lung function. Increasing of chest wall elastance plays a great role in lung mechanics, and could influence mechanical ventilation settings. Therefore, It could help the physicians to find appropriate indicators and optimize the treatments of ARF patients to explore the mechanisms of lung mechanics changse in the patients with high chest wall elastance.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe lung condition that causes respiratory failure. The ARDS Network (ARDSNet) is a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored network that is focused on improving treatments for people with ALI and a similar condition called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study will evaluate participants who were enrolled in one of three ARDSNet studies to examine how the treatments carried out in the prior studies affect participants' long-term health outcomes and quality of life.

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a severe lung condition that causes respiratory failure. Individuals with ALI/ARDS often require the use of a respirator or artificial breathing machine, known as a mechanical ventilator, while in an intensive care unit (ICU). Past research has shown that improved short-term clinical outcomes result from the use of a protective mechanical ventilation technique for the lungs. This study will evaluate the effects of lower tidal volume ventilation, and other aspects of critical illness and ICU care, on the long-term clinical outcomes of individuals with ALI/ARDS.

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important cause of acute respiratory failure with a high mortality rate. The mechanism of resolution of the late organizing phase remains uncertain. The ACE gene contains a polymorphism based on the presence (insertion, I) or absence (deletion, D) within an intron of a 287-bp nonsense DNA domain, resulting in three genotypes (DD and II homozygotes, and ID heterozygotes). It has been shown that I/D polymorphism of ACE gene may account for half the variance of serum ACE levels in the Caucasians. Polymorphism of the ACE gene has also been shown to contribute to the development of some respiratory diseases. We hypothesize that the presence of ACE gene polymorphism can affect the outcome of ARDS. The objective of this proposed study is to determine the genotypes of ACE gene polymorphism and assess the influence of ACE genotype on the outcome and pulmonary resolution of patients with ARDS. Patients diagnosed to have ARDS are eligible for possible inclusion into the study. The ACE genotype of all patients with ARDS will be determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the respective fragment for the D and I alleles from intron 16 of the ACE gene and size fractionation by electrophoresis. The outcome of patients with ARDS in the three genotypes will be compared.

OBJECTIVES: I. Create a clinical sample bank of neonates with lung disease to test hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). II. Determine whether a developmental deficiency of surfactant protein B (SP-B) contributes to the occurrence of respiratory distress and BPD in these patients. III. Study metabolic abnormalities associated with inherited deficiency of SP-B in these patients. IV. Determine whether plasma nitrotyrosine levels, a marker of peroxynitrite mediated oxidant stress, are elevated in premature infants who develop BPD. V. Measure the temporal changes in critical components of the inflammatory process (cell composition, inducible nitric oxide synthase, hyaluronan (HA), receptor for HA mediated mobility, and selected cytokines) in bronchoalveolar lavage, blood, and urine samples obtained from these patients, and to correlate these changes with their clinical course. VI. Examine changes in the insulin-like growth factor axis that occur in the lungs of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and BPD. VII. Determine the relationship between degradation of elastin and the clinical course of BPD. VIII. Determine whether the normal fall in plasma endothelin-1 concentrations after birth are delayed in infants with RDS and BPD.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating form of acute lung inflammation, that may be caused by a variety of insults with pulmonary and systemic infectious disease being the most common predisposing factor. Sepsis, on the other hand, represents the systemic inflammatory response to an invading pathogen, which may inflict damage upon the host through organ dysfunction. ARDS and sepsis are heterogenous clinical conditions that have a high mortality, and both diseases involve a complex interplay of different inflammatory mediators and cell types. It has been suggested that locally released inflammatory mediators pass from the lungs into the bloodstream following ARDS, triggering systemic inflammation. Conversely, it is possible that severe systemic inflammation may lead to ARDS by an influx of inflammatory mediators from the bloodstream to the lungs. However, the time course and the possible pathways for this transmission of disease have yet to be established. Investigators hypothesize that: Primary systemic inflammation is followed by a secondary pulmonary inflammatory response Primary pulmonary inflammation is followed by a secondary systemic inflammatory response Both primary and secondary inflammatory responses are characterized by the appearance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells and production of collagen-like proteins (termed 'lectins') The inflammatory response is most pronounced in the primary afflicted compartment.

COVID-19 pandemic has deeply burdened hospitals all over the world. A two-stage disease has been hypothesized due to quick worsening of clinical status after 7-10 days from the beginning of first symptoms, generally flu-like symptoms. Predicting clinical worsening could help to address major efforts towards higher risk patients. During the last year most observational studies, generally retrospective, has been conducted, identifying some risk factors such as age, obesity, male gender, cardiovascular disease, COPD, diabetes etc. The study goal is to collect systematically a variegate amount of clinical, biometric, laboratory and radiological data from patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine Ward of Piacenza Hospital (Italy), in order to prospectively analyze what characteristics are associated to higher risk of mortality.

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a frequent reason for consulting in the Emergency Department (ED) and one of the major clinical problems prompting admission in intensive care unit. In the ED, evaluation of an ARF is mainly based on clinical examination and frontal chest x-ray performed to the patient bedside. This practice has a limited diagnostic capacity due to a lack of specificity of clinical and radiological semiology, especially in the polypathological patient. Thoracic ultrasonography provides morphological information regrouped as a syndrome (interstitial syndrome, alveolar condensation, pneumothorax) and allows the identification of pleural effusions (PE). The PE diagnosis is easy, quick, and relies on two-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Compared to CT scan, which remains the reference examination although ill-suited in the context of emergency, thoracic ultrasonography has a sensitivity and specificity greater than 90% for pleural liquid (PL) diagnosis. In addition, thoracic ultrasonography is used to assess the volume of PL, determine its nature and guide the pleural puncture with higher performance than chest x-ray. The semi-quantitative evaluation of PEs has been validated in patients with mechanical ventilation hospitalized in intensive care unit. On the other hand, few data on the prevalence and quantification of PL for hospitalized patients in ED for an ARF are currently available. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of the PL identified by thoracic ultrasonography in patients admitted to the ED for an ARF by emergency physicians with ultrasound skills recommended by the French Society of Emergency Medicine.

The most commonly used noninvasive respiratory support in preterm babies is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), which provides extra breathing support to babies who are breathing by themselves). Increasingly High flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC, newer form of extra breathing support) therapy has found its way in clinical practice despite lack of good physiological data. There are also concerns about its potential to generate higher pressures in airways which can cause over distension of lungs. We would like to find out the effects of HFNC on 1. Airway pressures in various flow rates and in comparison to CPAP. 2. Breathing markers including respiratory rate (speed of breathing), oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, tidal volumes (how much air breathed in with each breath) and airway wash out (wash out of waste gas from the airway). We plan to study 15 babies each in three different weight categories supported with either CPAP or HFNC. The airway pressures, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in airway are measured by a small plastic catheter (similar to feeding tube but much shorter in length), carbon dioxide levels by skin sensors, how fast and how much babies breathe by a special vest applied like a layer of clothing. These will be recorded both on HFNC and CPAP. There are no blood tests or invasive procedures involved. The baby will be monitored throughout the study period of approximately two hours by experienced registrar who is trained to use the study device. This study will improve our understanding of physiological effects of HFNC and lead to better care of preterm babies.

The purpose of this study is the examination of the hypothesis that synchronized nasal IMV as compared to non-synchronized nasal IMV will decrease breathing effort in preterm infants immediately after extubation when recovering from Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Another objective is to examine the effects for synchronized non-invasive mechanical ventilation on gas exchange and cerebral oxygen saturation.