Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Insufficiency"

The occurrence of an acute respiratory failure necessitates mostly admission to ICU and mechanical ventilation (MV). Rapid and safe discontinuation of MV should be the objective for the majority of patients. Many reasons may contribute to weaning, extubation failure and prolongation of MV. Critical illness myopathy, induced by immobilisation and prolonged MV, may represent a main factor and early rehabilitation may reverse these conditions and improve the success of weaning from MV.The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of an early chair sitting (while the patient is awake but still mechanically ventilated) on weaning from mechanical ventilation and ICU mortality. Methods: Chronic respiratory failure patients with an acute decompensation and requiring MV for more than 48 hours will be randomized to 2 groups at the initiation of weaning schedule: the studied group (20 patients): chair-sitting group will be transferred from bed to arm chair for at least 1 hour and once a day; the control group will stay in bed until extubation. Ventilator free days, extubation failure, nosocomial infections, ICU mortality, ICU length of stay are assessed and compared between groups. Expected results: Early chair sitting would decrease MV duration, number of extubation failure, nosocomial infections and ICU mortality. Feasibility and safety of this intervention will also be evaluated and also the related work load.

Exploration of the effects on diaphragmatic electrical activity (EMG) and on respiratory pattern of various level of assistance delivered by the ventilator in intubated spontaneously breathing patients in pressure support (PS) and in Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) by step by step increasing of the level of assistance. Flow, airway pressure, transesophageal EMG signal and transcutaneous EMG signal will be recorded.

An important part of how we decide when a patient is ready to have their breathing tube removed is to have a person breathe without any machine breaths while the breathing tube is still in place. We call this a spontaneous breathing trial. Commonly, while patients have the breathing tube, they are given medications to keep them sedated and comfortable so breathing does not bother them. These medicines are often stopped before the spontaneous breathing trial so they can be more awake for the test. There are signs the doctors look for during the spontaneous breathing trial that suggest the patient might not be ready for the breathing trial to come out. Signs like fast breathing, small breaths, a fast heart rate, or looking more anxious than usual may mean that the patient is not ready to come off the ventilator. However, if someone has been given sedation medicines the entire time they have had a breathing tube and are then woken up, they may naturally get very anxious. They may show the same signs as someone who is failing their breathing test, but in their case these signs are only because they are anxious.Doctors may mistake these signs as failing the breathing test and may not pull the breathing tube out even though the patient is really ready for it to come out. We wish to try and find out if patients do better during their spontaneous breathing trials if they are continued on some sedative medicines to treat anxiety or if they do better if the medicines are stopped before the test.

The purpose of this study is to study the effect of two standard of care sedative medications on sleep stages and total sleep time. The investigators hypothesize that the α2 agonist, dexmedetomidine, will improve sleep quality by increasing N2 and N3 sleep as well as total sleep time when compared to GABA agonists.

Comparison of humidification devices during non invasive ventilation, in acute respiratory failure. The hypothesis was, due to dead space, lower humidification, a reduced efficiency of the technique (NIV) when HME are used in comparison with HH.

Respiratory insufficiencies during sleep can lead to reductions in the level of oxygen in the blood during the night, which has been shown to contribute to a range of morbidities. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility that a nasal high flow therapy device may be able to treat respiratory insufficiencies, by stabilizing breathing and preventing reduction in blood oxygen. Heart failure patients will be screened at a heart failure clinic, and will be asked to undergo an overnight sleep study to determine is they exhibit respiratory insufficiencies during sleep. This sleep study may be completed in the sleep laboratory (attended polysomnography, PSG) or in-home (in-home polygraphy, PG). If they are diagnosed with respiratory insufficiencies, they will be asked to attend further overnight studies to see if treatment with nasal high flow therapy can be used to stabilize breathing.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the noninvasive ventilation is more effective in the treatment of severe comunity acquired pneumonia in comparison with the conventional mechanical ventilation with orotracheal intubation.

The investigators aim to demonstrate that use of transpulmonary pressure to guide PEEP management is safe in patients with possible elevations of intracranial pressure.

The Hypercapnia Telemedicine Outreach Program (E-TOUCH Study) aims to utilize telemedicine technology, as well as emergency medical services (EMS) home visits to address the problem with poor follow-up and compliance among Einstein's hypercapnic patients. The hypothesis is that reaching out to the subjects' homes will allow more consistent healthcare delivery, increase healthcare efficiency and compliance with therapy, and overall decrease acute decompensated states / hypercapnic respiratory failure, decreasing ED visits and hospitalization.

The purpose of this study is to implement a standardized protocol to initiate nasal non-invasive ventilation with RAM nasal cannula (NIV/RAM-NC) with Trilogy mechanical ventilator at Children Memorial Hospital inpatient and outpatient sites, as well as to explore the side effects and complications associated with the use of NIV/RAM-NC in children.