Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Insufficiency"

Acute lung injury (ALI) is caused by a wide variety of conditions, but always characterized by hypoxia and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Current treatment of ALI is supportive and treatment of the underlying cause. New therapies to treat severe ALI have not been shown to improve survival, and are limited by financial and logistical resources. The investigators propose to investigate the role of inhaled sodium nitroprusside (iSNP) in ALI. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a vasodilator. When inhaled, SNP may travel to areas of the lung participating in gas exchange, and cause the blood vessels surrounding these areas to enlarge. This may result in an increase of blood vessels to these areas of the lung, and improve oxygenation. Currently, iSNP has not been studied in the adult population. Therefore, this study is intended to find the safety profile of varying doses of iSNP.

Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation is one of the major clinical problem especially ion those patients with a pre-existing chronic respiratory disease and chronic hypercpania. The aim of this pilot feasibility and safety trial is to assess the possibility of shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation using a device able to remove CO2 and theoretically able to allow therefore the praecox extubation

In physiological conditions, spontaneous ventilation is controlled by blood carbon dioxide (and pH) levels. In healthy animals, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal leads to hypoventilation or apnea (Kolobow et al., 1977). During acute respiratory insufficiency, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal may be used to control spontaneous ventilation, limiting risks of lung damage and relieving dyspnea (Crotti et al., 2012). However, little is known about how spontaneous ventilation changes in response to changes in extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal during acute respiratory insufficiency, especially in humans. Aim of this study is to monitor changes in spontaneous ventilation in awake patients treated with extracorporeal gas exchange support because of acute respiratory insufficiency, in response to changes in extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal.

The aim of this study is to determine whether noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with inspiratory muscle training can improve quality of life and respiratory muscle strength than noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or inspiratory muscle training alone.

Patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit and require mechanical ventilation frequently develop profound respiratory and limb muscle weakness. Studies show that the development of weakness during the ICU stay results in poor outcomes. Currently there are no treatments for this muscle weakness, but it has been suggested that this weakness might improve with physical therapy. Electrical stimulation is a method to provide direct stimulation to the muscles potentially enhancing function and improving strength. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle will improve muscle strength in patients who are critically ill on mechanical ventilation.

Recruitment manoeuvres, consisting of sustained inflations at high airway pressures, have been advocated as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation in lung protective ventilation strategies to prevent the collapse of the lung. This study aims to determine the safety and efficacy of a recruitment manoeuvre, by considering its impact on gas exchange, hemodynamics and on the release of systemic inflammatory mediators.

The early initiation of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation in multi-system trauma patients decreases the incidence and severity of acute lung injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and allows faster recovery of lung function.

Non-invasive ventilation has become increasingly important in the management of patients with acute respiratory failure. One of its major goals is to prevent the need for invasive ventilation, which is associated with numerous complications. This study compares the usefulness and safety of two noninvasive techniques which are used in Medical practice: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation using a face mask and extrathoracic biphasic ventilation using a cuirass. Each of these techniques has advantages and disadvantages and both may not suit all patients. It is therefore important to compare the two in terms of effectiveness in preventing invasive ventilation and their side effects profile, so that we can improve our understanding and expertise in the treatment of patients in respiratory failure.

To determine the lowest nasal cannula flow rate in which upper airway deadspace is reduced. Hypothesis - The lowest flow rate of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) will reduce upper airway (extrathoracic) deadspace and improve respiratory efficiency by reducing transcutaneous CO2 and/or lower respiratory rate. To determine the lowest nasal cannula flow rate in which regional distribution (as defined by EIT) of ventilation changes. Hypothesis - Moderate to high flow rates will create positive pressure that leads to improved regional distribution of ventilation.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nasal high frequency oscillatory ventilation(NHFOV) in preterms with respiratory disease syndrome(RDS) after extubation.