Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Infections"

Effect of aerosol flitration and removal on typical infectious diseases such as upper respiratory tract infectinos is studied in day care. Many filtration methods such as filters and electrical filtering are used to remove aerosol particles from room air.

The goal of this clinical trial is to assess the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of the Convacell vaccine in healthy adult volunteers aged 18 years and older. The main questions it aims to answer are: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of single and double dose intramuscular administration of the Convacell vaccine; To assess the epidemiological effectiveness of the Convacell vaccine in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of severe COVID-19 compared with placebo when single or double intramuscular injection.

Thirty -one confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ) infected patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and placed in prone position(PP) for 3 times (PP1, PP2, PP3)consecutively will be included. Arterial blood gases (ABG), partial pressure of arterial oxygen/ fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2 ) ratios, partial pressure of carbondioxide (PaCO2), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) values will be recorded before (bPP), during (dPP)and after (aPP) every prone positioning. Eye, skin, nerve and tube complications related to prone positions wll be recorded

Newborn babies and infants are susceptible to infections as their immune system is still immature. Maternal immune factors for example antibodies and immune cells mitigate this vulnerability. They are transferred from mother to child via the placenta during pregnancy or by breast milk after birth and provide protection against infectious diseases. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 it has already been shown that specific antibodies are transferred from mother to children after infection or vaccination during pregnancy. However, to this date it is not known how long such an antibody-mediated protection lasts in children and if this "passive" immunity actually protects infants from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first months of life. In general, there is still little knowledge about the influence of maternal infections during pregnancy, transfer of maternal immune factors to the child and development of the child's immune system and health in the first months of life. Here, the investigators aim to study transferred immunity (i.e. specific antibodies) against SARS-CoV-2 in children of mothers who received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy or had a SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy with mothers not exposed or exposed before pregnancy. In addition, the investigators will comprehensively characterize the development of the cellular immune system in the first year of life (umbilical cord blood, age 6 and 12 months) to explore how maternal exposure to infectious diseases or vaccines influences the development of the immune system of the newborn infant.

The purpose of this study is to test if visualizing the heart with cardiac MRI/echo will be important in the understanding cardiac function and prediction of cardiopulmonary symptoms, physical effort tolerance, and outcomes in COVID-19 survivors. If successful, the research will allow us to identify the causes of lasting cardiopulmonary symptoms and begin developing cardiac and lung directed therapies accordingly.

Rationale: Individuals with advanced age are at a progressively increasing risk of acquiring lower respiratory tract infections. Besides calendar age, the degree of frailty also associates with increased susceptibility to pneumonia requiring hospitalization. How alterations in the mucosal immune system with advanced age predispose to infections remains unclear as access to relevant tissue samples is limited. With minimally-invasive nasal sampling methods, it was recently observed that in vital older adults, both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells are selectively lost from the nasal mucosa. However, the exact phenotype, underlying mechanisms, key molecules and consequences of this have not yet been investigated. Objective: Elucidate the mechanisms underlying the loss of nasal T cells and characterize in depth the differences of T cells in young and older adults and associate this loss with susceptibility to infections. Study design: Prospective cohort study Study population: Participants will be recruited from 3 groups: healthy young adults (18-30 years, n=50) vital older adults (>65 years, n=60) frail elderly (>65 years, n=60). This group includes individuals without a history of recurrent respiratory infections or with >2 self-reported episodes of respiratory infection in the past year. Main study parameters/endpoints: Frequency of nasal CD8+ T cells in young adults and frail older adults. Secondary study parameters/endpoints: Phenotype (subsets, activation status), functionality, transcriptomic state, clonality and frequency of nasal and blood T cell populations Stability of T cells and other immune parameters, as described for main study parameter, during a second sample after 3 months. Analysis of other immune populations as for main study parameter Concentration of nasal and systemic factors (e.g. cytokines and metabolites) and their association with T cells and other immune populations Respiratory tract microbiota profiles and presence of asymptomatic viral infections and their association with T cells and other immune parameters Chronological and biological age, sex, and other immunologically relevant parameters with T cell populations and other immune parameters Alteration of T cell phenotype, during and following respiratory tract infections. Levels of antigen-specific T cells and other immune parameters in nose and blood post infection.

The application of HFNC therapy in patients with airway stent, improving both humidification and clearance of the airway secretion, could potentially reduce the risk of mucoid impaction, respiratory infections and granulation. HFNC therapy could be superior to nebulization of normal saline (usual care) in order to keep the stent cleaned, reducing, by inference, the risk of complications, as defined above.

Polymyxin B is already being used extensively in the USA and other parts of the world; its use is likely to rapidly increase due to the greater burden of infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria and the growing awareness of the limitations inherent in the clinical pharmacology of CMS/colistin. Cross resistance exists between the two polymyxins and thus both must be dosed optimally; but the recently generated scientifically-based dosage regimens for CMS/colistin cannot be extrapolated to polymyxin B. It is essential that an adequately powered study is conducted to define the clinical PK/PD/TD relationships of polymyxin B and identify, using next-generation proteomics, biomarkers for early detection of kidney injury. This will allow the development of scientifically-based dosage regimens for various categories of patients and an adaptive feedback control clinical tool for optimized dosing of polymyxin B in future individual patients.

This dose escalation study will evaluate 4 doses of RSP-1502 in sequential cohorts of 8 subjects each. In each cohort, 6 subjects will receive RSP-1502 and 2 will receive active control. Study drug (RSP-1502 or active control) will be administered by inhalation twice daily (BID) for 14 days. Planned RSP-1502 doses include 300 mg tobramycin plus ascending doses of CaEDTA (16 mg, 32 mg, 75 mg and 150 mg). Dose escalation will proceed after Safety Review Committee (SRC) review of the safety and tolerability data from the previous cohort. The SRC will determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) after completion of the fourth cohort. Following determination of the MTD, a fifth cohort (n = 20) will be randomized (1:1) to treatment with RSP-1502 (at the MTD) or active control administered BID for 14 days. All subjects will be followed for 14 days after completion of dosing.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Tuberculosis (TB) is the foremost cause of infectious deaths globally. In 2025, an additional 1.4 million TB deaths could occur as direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is postulated that individuals with latent or active TB are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 disease and that COVID-19 disease rate is high in patients with active TB, although the evidence is still scarce. TB and SARS-CoV-2 are both infectious diseases which primarily attack the alveolar region of the lungs and share common symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 disease can induce innate and adaptive immunity, but uncontrolled inflammatory innate immunity and impaired adaptive immune responses may be associated with severe tissue damage, both locally and systemically. People with coinfection (COVID-19 and TB disease) might potentially have impaired protective immune responses and treatment outcomes, specifically as far as anti-tuberculosis treatment is concerned. However, very little is known about the immunological underpinnings in this interface between TB and COVID-19 on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 disease on disease severity, response to treatment and treatment outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis. Investigators hypothesize that altered immunity due to prior or present asymptomatic disease with SARS-CoV-2 virus can lead to altered immune responses and systems biology, increased severity and altered treatment outcomes in TB disease. The main objective of the study would be to evaluate the baseline differences in immune cells populations immune cell responses at baseline and at the time of treatment (2nd month) and end of treatment. Further, Investigators would be evaluating the changes in proteomic profiles in a subset of these individuals. In addition, immunological assays examining differences in T cell populations, measuring levels of various cytokines and by immunophenotyping as well as other immune parameters related to innate and adaptive responses will be performed to enhance the understanding of the immunological cross-talk between active TB patients with or without SARS-CoV-2. The secondary objective would be to study the clinical features, disease severity, mycobacterial burden and treatment outcomes in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected (asymptomatic PCR or Antibody+) and non-infected patients with active pulmonary TB.