Salmonella Infections

Patients with a non-typhoid Salmonella infection. Blood samples, stool samples and clinical information will be collected.

Patients with acute, infectious diarrhea without non-typhoid Salmonella infection. Blood samples, stool samples and clinical information will be collected.

Healthy individuals with no symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea. Blood samples, stool samples and clinical information will be collected.

Blood samples will be collected and analyzed at different study time points

Stool samples will be collected and analyzed at different study time points

Clinical information will be collected at different study time points using questionnaires

Stool and blood samples from patients with a non-typhoid Salmonella infection will be collected during an observation period of six months and analyzed for changes in the microbiota diversity and composition, mutation rates in the Salmonella strains and the specific immune response evoked by the infection. Findings are compared to healthy individuals and individuals with acute, infectious diarrhea caused by other microorganisms.

Infection processes of a non-typhoid Salmonella infection in humans are not well understood and so far, only little research has been conducted in this area. Findings from preclinical studies, using mouse models, attributed a fundamental role in infection control to the gut microbiota and the host immune system (antibody response). In mouse models a non-typhoid Salmonella infection provokes a pronounced antibody response and salmonella-inflicted gut inflammation alters the microbiota diversity and composition in the gut lumen. To date there is only scarce evidence on similar effects in humans.

During the study, longitudinal stool and blood samples will be collected from patients with a non-typhoid Salmonella infection at different study time points (2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 months after positive Salmonella stool culture) and analyzed for changes in the microbiota, mutation rates in the Salmonella strains and the specific immune response evoked by the infection (e.g. anti-bodies). At each study time point clinical information will be investigated with a questionnaire to assess current symptoms, medication etc. Findings will be compared to healthy individuals and patients with acute, infectious diarrhea caused by other microorganisms than non-typhoid Salmonella.

Interaction Between Non-typhoid Salmonella, Host Microbiota, and Immune System During Acute Infection and Remission

Analyze the evolution of non-typhoid Salmonella during acute infection and remission in humans. The primary variable of interest is the number of observed genomic mutations in non-typhoid Salmonella strains.

Total number of Salmonella genes associated with tissue invasion Total number of antibiotic resistance genes Total number of virulence factor genes

Identification of escape mechanisms of non-typhoid Salmonella (i.e. mutation of surface antigens) to avoid specific immune responses (i.e. antibodies) during acute infection and remission.

Identification of Salmonella gene clusters expressed during early phases of infection compared to remission.

Quantification of mutated non-typhoid Salmonella strains that escape specific immune responses.

Composition (i.e. number of bacteria species identified) and relative diversity of the gut microbial community during acute non-typhoid Salmonella infection and remission. Findings will be compared to changes occurring in the microbiota of healthy individuals and individuals with acute, infectious diarrhea caused by microorganisms other than Salmonella.

Composition (i.e. number of antibody-producing cells) and relative diversity of antibody-producing cells specific for non-typhoid Salmonella.

Number of antibody-producing cell clones (and their corresponding antibodies) against non-typhoid Salmonella isolated from peripheral blood B cells of subjects during remission. Measured variable: Number of Salmonella-specific B-cells per ml blood 4 weeks after infection.

Identification of the antibody repertoire against non-typhoid Salmonella during acute infection in peripheral blood. Measured variable: Antibody titers against various non-typhoid Salmonella strains.

Number of antigens of non-typhoid Salmonella recognized by the antibodies isolated from the previous endpoint.

Number of patients who develop an irritable bowel syndrome after a non-typhoid Salmonella infection.

Interaction Between Non-typhoid Salmonella, Host Microbiota, and Immune System During Acute Infection...

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Active clinical trials for "Salmonella Infections"

Interaction Between Non-typhoid Salmonella, Host Microbiota, and Immune System During Acute Infection...

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