Active clinical trials for "Sarcopenia"

Forty physically active men and women aged 18-45y will take part in an 8-week resistance training program, randomized (double blind) 1:1 into each of two groups. Twenty participants will be randomized to receive 60 g/d of hemp powder (containing approximately 40 g protein and 9 g oil) supplementation and 20 randomized to receive 60 g/d of soy supplementation (matched to the hemp for macronutrients and calories) during eight weeks of training. Each participant will complete testing before and after the intervention for assessment of body composition (lean tissue, fat, and bone mass), strength, central fatigue, markers of inflammation, and bone resorption. Over the 8-weeks of training, participants will train four-five days per week for 1-1.5 hours per session with exercises targeting all major muscle groups. The training will involve a "two day split" where different muscle groups are trained on two consecutive days (day 1 involves chest, back, and arms; day 2 legs, shoulders, and abdominals). Resistance training will provide the necessary stimulus for protein synthesis to optimize the effect of a protein-containing nutritional supplement. The hemp or soy powder will be consumed in two doses (i.e. 30 g powder containing 20 g protein per dose) immediately after exercise sessions and one hour after exercise. This dosing regimen is optimal for stimulating muscle protein synthesis and building muscle mass . On the one non-training day per week the two doses will be consumed with meals.

Obesity in humans has been shown to result in the increased release of small inflammatory-inducing proteins, called cytokines, from the fat cells of the body. The investigators are interested in the effects of these cytokines on the mechanisms that control muscle mass and metabolism in the obese human. Previous research from work in cells and animals has shown the cytokines reduce the synthesis of muscle proteins and simultaneously enhance their rate of breakdown, resulting in a loss of muscle mass. Furthermore, research suggests that the same cytokines may inhibit carbohydrate oxidation, a pivotal step in muscle metabolism. However, despite these potential negative consequences for skeletal muscle function, the effect of low-level and persistent inflammation as seen in obese humans, remains largely unknown. In the current study, the investigators plan to measure the rates of synthesis and breakdown of muscle proteins in conjunction with rates of carbohydrate oxidation in obese older participants, and compare them to rates determined in healthy non-obese individuals. Furthermore, participants will undergo a 12-week course of either pioglitazone, an insulin sensitiser often prescribed to type II diabetics, or a placebo. Pioglitazone has been shown previously to normalise the levels of cytokines in the blood of chronically inflamed individuals. By repeating after the 12-week intervention period the initial measurements described above, and by accurately determining the levels of the cytokines, the identification of the negative effects of obesity-induced inflammation in older adults on muscle metabolism will be determined.

Isometric handgrip exercises are used to explain the effects of fatigue on the strength and activation of the muscles involved. Blood flow available at the time of exercise can influence this fatigue process, as some studies demonstrate changes in the pattern of muscle recruitment and strength recovery when the exercise is performed in combination with an external total obstruction (through a pressure cuff or tourniquet ) blood flow. Low intensity exercises associated with external partial obstruction of blood flow has been widely used and studied, mainly due to its effect on increasing strength and muscle hypertrophy, often comparable to those observed in conventional exercises (ie, without external obstruction of blood flow) High intensity. Despite the vast literature on this method, some topics need to be better informed about the underlying neuromuscular physiology to such effects (strength and hypertrophy) and the process of fatigue during isometric exercises associated with partial obstruction of blood flow. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute effects on neuromuscular response in healthy adults undergoing an intermittent isometric exercise protocol with different levels of external compression. In a study of the "crossover" male volunteers will be submitted to three intermittent isometric exercise protocols (with a load of 45% of maximum voluntary isometric strength) associated with three different levels of obstruction (held by a pressure cuff) blood flow (total obstruction, partial obstruction and free blood flow). The protocols will be performed on three different days (with a minimum of 48 hours between them). Will be considered as acute neuromuscular responses spending time to failure in the task, the electromyographic activity of the flexor muscles of the wrist and fingers, and the recovery curve of maximum voluntary isometric strength after exercise. The main hypothesis of this study is that exercise is performed when associated with partial obstruction of blood flow, the time spent until the failed job is similar to that seen when exercise is performed with free blood flow, and the recovery of strength and electromyographic activity will be similar to that observed in the exercise associated with total obstruction of blood flow.

This research study was conducted to investigate the effects of a high protein diet on the efficiency of energy use at rest and at low-levels of physical activity. The hypothesis was that a high intake of dietary protein would result in a less efficient use of energy in skeletal muscle in older adults.

Performing adduction and abduction resistance exercise will increase hip bone density and strength to a greater extent than doing squat and deadlift exercise. Aim #1: To determine if doing hip adduction and abduction resistance exercise training for 16 weeks improves spine bone mineral density and hip bone mineral density and strength as determined by finite element modeling. Aim #2: To compare the effects of hip adduction and abduction exercise to squat and deadlift exercise with respect to potential changes in hip bone mineral density and strength. Aim #3: To determine if the addition of adduction and abduction exercise to squat and deadlift exercise promotes an "additive" effect with respect to changes in spine bone mineral density and hip bone mineral density and bone strength.

The primary research question: In critically ill patients with nutrition 'risk factors', what is the effect of providing combined EN/PN to the group prescribed a higher dose (≥2.2 grams/kg/day) of protein/amino acid administration compared to a low group prescribed ≤1.2 gram/kg/day (EN only) on patient's functional recovery as measured by 6-minute walk distance just prior to hospital discharge? The hypothesis: Compared to a control group reflective of usual care prescribing practices and an EN only approach, the administration of a higher dose protein/amino acids using EN and PN to nutritionally high-risk critically ill patients will be associated with improved functional outcome.

Study Population- Patient with cirrhosis with any aetiology with sarcopenia visiting ILBS OPD/IPDs who are willing to visit ILBS gymnasium twice weekly for first month. Study Design- A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Study Period- Study will be conducted at ILBS from April 2019 to Oct 2019 Sample Size:As shown by Eva Roman et al - in cirhotics with sarcopenia exercise increases mean lean appendicular mass , by 0.38 kg (14 patients, p < 0.03), and Sinclair et al has shown testosterone (22 patients, p <0.05)) to increase mean Appendicular lean mass by +1.69 kg - for 10% increase in APLM we need to enroll 40 patients in each arm, and considering a los to follow up approx.10% , will require minimum 44 patients in each arm We will therefore enroll and randomize 100 patients with 50 in each arm. Intervention - Testosterone Supplementation - Intramuscular Testosterone Undecanoate 1000 Mg (4 ml volume in oily base) will be injected into the upper, outer quadrant of the buttock at 0, 6, 12,16,20, 24 weeks according to manufacturer recommendations. Monitoring and assessment - On every visit patient will be inquired or evaluated for side effects like local site pain or hematoma , hypertension, headache, allergic reactions, acne, nausea , mood swings, pedal edema , breast enlargement and others.

Sarcopenia in the lumbar paraspinal muscles is receiving renewed attention as a cause of spinal degeneration. However, there were few studies on the precise concept and diagnostic criteria for spinal sarcopenia. We have already developed the concept of spinal sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults and investigated the association between conventional sarcopenic indices and spinal sarcopenia. However, intervention studies on spinal sarcopenia have not been conducted until now. Here, we aim a pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined exercise and nutrition intervention for spinal sarcopenia. This is a prospective study with 35 community-dwelling older women who were diagnosed as spinal sarcopenia in our previous cohort study. Combined intervention will consist of back extensor strengthening exercise and nutritional supplementation for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of this study is isometric back extensor strength after 12 weeks' intervention. All functional outcomes will be measured at 0, 12, and 24 weeks after intervention. The data will be analysed using the intention-to-treat principle.

Most previous clinical trials that addressed the rehabilitation training system for sarcopenic elderly subjects focused on community-dwelling older adults who were relatively healthy. There is a notable paucity of high-quality research investigating the effects and feasibility of the device for hospitalized or institutionalized older people, who are generally frailer and more severe in functional impairment than those living in the community. Moreover, most reported the system were of long-term duration, which typically lasted 3 to 6 months with two sessions per week. It remains unclear whether short-term the device training would be effective for treating sarcopenia. Therefore, the investigators aimed to assess the effectiveness of Motor-Assisted and Active Resistive Upper/Lower Extremities Rehabilitation Training System for treating sarcopenia in hospitalized older patients aged 80 years and over.

With the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients to be treated in rehabilitation increased . Hospitalization for severe infection can induce muscular atrophy and muscular dysfunction that persists for several months and rehabilitation capacities may be exceeded. Exercises in eccentric mode could be performed, inducing greater muscular hypertrophy, muscle strength, power and speed than concentric exercises. The goal of this study was to compare functional recovery at 2 months after a training program in eccentric and concentric mode after severe COVID-19. An effective rehabilitation could help reduce costs and duration of care.