Active clinical trials for "Peritonitis"

The purpose of the survey is to study the followings under practical use, regarding the safety and effectiveness in high-dose administration (exceeding 6 g per day) of UNASYN-S and UNASYN-S KIT for intravenous use (UNASYN). Adverse Drug Reaction(s) that cannot be expected from precautions (Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction) Incidence status of adverse drug reactions Factors that may affect the safety and effectiveness

To evaluate the efficacy of the use of swine dermal collagen prosthesis implanted preperitoneally as a prophylactic procedure against incisional hernia in patients operated in urgency/emergency setting in contaminated/infected fields with peritonitis. The aim of the study is to reduce the incidence of incisional hernia from 50% to 20%.

Background Prophylaxis of SBP is indicated in three high-risk populations: patients with acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage, patients with low total protein content in ascitic fluid, and patients with a previous history of SBP (secondary prophylaxis). Selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin, a quinolone with relatively poor gastrointestinal absorption and with antibacterial activity against GNB, is the most commonly used regimen, but several concerns have been recently raised in this regard. A recent network meta-analysis published by the investigators showed that rifaximin determines interesting results in this setting but needs to be tested in further trials. Given its favorable safety profile and the relatively low cost, rifaximin could represent the antibiotic of choice in long-term prophylaxis. Study Objective To establish the prophylactic efficacy, of rifaximin as compared to norfloxacin in cirrhotic patients with low protein content in the ascitic fluid. Protocol design Phase III, two-arms, open-label, multi-center, randomized controlled trial. Trial population Patients with cirrhosis and ascites and with low protein content in the ascitic fluid (≤1.5 g/dL) and with deteriorated liver function (Child-Pugh score ≥B9, serum bilirubin level ≥3 mg/dL) or impaired renal function (creatinine ≥1.2 mg/dL blood urea nitrogen level ≥25 mg/dL or hyponatremia ≤130 milliequivalent [mEq]/L) Protocol Treatments The Treatment arm will undergo rifaximin 1200 mg/day in 3 doses. The Control arm will undergo norfloxacin 400 mg 1/die for 6 months Primary Endpoint Prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis episodes. Secondary Endpoints Prevention of mortality (both all-cause and liver-related mortality) Preventions of hepatorenal syndrome Prevention of other infections Adverse events Sample size and study duration It will be planned to enroll 322 patients (161 per arms) within 18 months. A minimum follow up of 6 months from the last patient recruited will be required.

Ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis, and its development is associated with substantially increased mortality. Ascites infection including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), bacterascites and fungal infections. SBP is one of the most feared complications of ascites. The EASL guidelines recommend that diagnostic criteria of SBP is defined on the ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) count ≥250 cell/μl, with or without ascites fluid positive culture. However, in clinical practice. Up to 30% of hospitalized patients are considered as suspicious SBP, and treated as SBP without a laboratory-confirmed cause of infection. and is present in 10-30% of all hospitalized patients with ascites. Besides, fungal infection in ascites was aslo related to high mortality in cirrhosis patients. Thus, to diagnose ascites infection promptly is the key step to prevent the complication. Since, the sensitivity of bacterial culture is limited even if ascites is directly injected into blood culture bottles at the besides. New method to identified the pathogen is needed. Here, we aim to use metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS) to provide the first-ever demonstration of precision medicine for the diagnosis of ascites infection in hospitalized patients, with immediate impact on clinical care and patients outcomes. The method of mNGS is undertaken by BGI Genomics Company which is a licensed clinical diagnostic laboratory in China. In this multicenter and prospective clinical study, we are planning to detect ascites sample by mNGS and compare the performance of mNGS and routine microbiological testing. Ultimately, we aim to improve the diagnosis of ascites infection and improve patients' outcomes.

This study aims to determine if the CloudCath device can detect infections related to peritoneal dialysis (peritonitis) as fast or faster than the current standard methods used by patients and doctors to detect such infections.

Current reports have demonstrated that copeptin predicts disease progression and prognosis in cirrhotic patients, independent of liver-specific scoring systems. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have addressed the association between copeptin and sepsis in cirrhotic patients, however, they were performed on different types of infections. Therefore, we will conduct this study with a focus on it is possible role in patients with SBP.

Cirrhotic patients are predisposed to bacterial infection. A large proportion of which is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP), which are mainly caused by enteric bacteria.SBP in a cirrhotic patients is associated with a high mortality rate in the order of 30-80% per year.It has been demonstrated that cirrhotics who have an ascitic fluid protein concentration less than 1gm% are most susceptible to develop SBP by virtue of having low opsonising activity of ascitic fluid.Patients with liver cirrhosis have significant degrees of imbalance of intestinal flora.Translocation of intestinal bacteria being the major mechanism for the production of SBP. Long-term antibiotic (norfloxacin) is very effective in preventing SBP caused by gram negative bacteria.But the problem with the long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is the potential for the development of infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.Further, quinolones have no effect on gram positive bacteria which is becoming one of the important cause of SBP. Such experiences necessitate the need for strategies, other than antibiotic, to prevent intestinal bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation and SBP in patients with cirrhosis.Probiotics have been used successfully to alter the gut flora in many clinical conditions where growth and localization of non pathogenic bacteria replaces the pathogenic bacteria in the intestine.The probiotic bacteria, among which the most common are the lactose fermenting Lactobacilli, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria by acidifying the gut lumen, competing for nutrients, and by producing antimicrobial substances. They adhere to the gut mucosa and by that are thought to prevent bacterial translocation from the gut. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis with low protein ascites and those already have developed an episode SBP.

The main goals of the study are: Assessment of Tygacil's cost-effectiveness; Process cost analysis from a hospital perspective (including length of stay, treatment costs, side effect management costs, costs of monitoring, costs of diagnostic procedures, cost of care (TISS 10 score etc.); Efficacy of Tygacil under usual care conditions (cure rate).

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether calorimetry compared to conventional methods (i.e.blood culture systems)is superior to diagnose peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis.

The current hypothesis is that robotic-assisted surgery results in a reduced systemic and peritoneal inflammatory response (SIRS) compared to laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of colon cancer. The purpose is to evaluate differences in the peritoneal and systemic inflammatory response in robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery of patients undergoing resection for colon cancer in a randomized, blinded controlled trial.