Active clinical trials for "Shock"

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety profile of the combination of Levosimendan and beta blocker in cardiogenic shock with arrythmia.

To observe the effect of early goal directed therapy (EGDT) on hepatic perfusion in patients with septic shock. Hypothesis: Hepatic perfusion did not improved after EGDT in patients with septic shock.

Cardiogenic shock is a condition of low cardiac output that represents the end of a progressive deterioration of cardiac function. The main cause is ischemic heart disease but there are several causes of non-ischemic nature including sepsis. Sepsis is characterized by a picture of organ dysfunction caused by an altered response of the body to an infection. Its most serious form is septic shock, defined as a picture of sepsis in which the underlying abnormalities in the cardiovascular system and cellular metabolism are such as to increase mortality. An organ failure correlates directly with the function of others and this interdependence is especially evident when a cardiovascular failure is established. 3 Cardiac dysfunction in sepsis can be defined as that of a syndrome characterized by low cardiac output not related to myocardial ischemia. The use of levosimendan in cardiogenic shock during sepsis was first described in a 2005 case report. Since then there have been small studies and other case reports that have shown improvements in right and left ventricular contractility, ventricular coupling, cardiopulmonary performance, global oxygen transport, renal and splanchnic perfusion when compared to dobutamine and placebo. Other beneficial effects of this drug have emerged, including an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic action with a possible protection from ischemia-reperfusion damage. The present study aims to evaluate the correct use of levosimendan, after the occurrence of cardiogenic shock on a low cardiac index has been ascertained, with the aim of weaning from inotropic drugs in infusion.

G-Forces On Retrieved ChildrEn (Pilot) Study is a feasibility study looking at the effect of G-Forces in vivo during episodes of paediatric critical care transport. The study aims to (i) understand the relationship between the physics of transport on physiological parameters and (ii) assess whether syringe driver delivery (previously demonstrated to be affected by G-forces in vitro), is responsible for physiological variations in transported paediatric patients requiring vasoactive/inotropic infusions.

Aim of this prospective observational study is to investigate whether shock index(SI), modified shock index(MSI) and age related shock index(ASI) have any predictive value in predicting post-spinal hypotension which may develop in patients over 65 years of age, who are planned to undergo transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) surgery under spinal anesthesia.

This prospective observational study aims to test the efficacy of the continuous measurement of exhaled methane levels in monitoring the hemodynamic state of severely injured, bleeding trauma patients.

In the last 10 years, severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) was responsible of multiple outbreaks putting a strain on the public health worldwide. Indeed, SARI had a relevant role in the development of pandemic and epidemic with terrible consequences such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic which led to more than 200.000 respiratory deaths globally. In late December 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei, China, a new respiratory syndrome emerged with clinical signs of viral pneumonia and person-to-person transmission. Tests showed the appearance of a novel coronavirus, namely the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Two other strains, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have caused severe respiratory illnesses, sometimes fatal. In particular, the mortality rate associated with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, was of 10% and 37% respectively. Even though COVID-19 appeared from the first time in China, quickly it spread worldwide and cases have been described in other countries such as Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Germany, Italy, France, Iran, USA and many other countries. An early paper reported 41 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection in Wuhan. The median age of the patients was 49 years and mostly men (73%). Among those, 32% were admitted to the ICU because of the severe hypoxemia. The most associated comorbidities were diabetes (20%), hypertension (15%), and cardiovascular diseases (15%). On admission, 98% of the patients had bilateral multiple lobular and sub-segmental areas of consolidation. Importantly, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed in 29% of the patients, while acute cardiac injury in 12%, and secondary infection in 10%. Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 10% of those patients, and two of these patients (5%) had refractory hypoxemia and received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In a later retrospective report by Wang and collaborators, clinical characteristics of 138 patients with COVID-19 infection were described. ICU admission was required in 26.1% of the patients for acute respiratory distress syndrome (61.1%), arrhythmia (44.4%), and shock (30.6%). ECMO support was needed in 11% of the patients admitted to the ICU. During the period of follow-up, overall mortality was 4.3%. The use of ECMO in COVID-19 infection is increasing due to the high transmission rate of the infection and the respiratory-related mortality. Therefore, the investigators believe that ECMO in case of severe interstitial pneumonia caused by COVID could represent a valid solution in order to avoid lung injuries related to prolonged treatment with non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation. In addition, ECMO could have a role for the systemic complications such as septic and cardiogenic shock as well myocarditis scenarios. Potential clinical effects and outcomes of the ECMO support in the novel coronavirus pandemic will be recorded and analyzed in our project. The researchers hypothesize that a significant percentage of patients with COVID-19 infection will require the utilize of ECMO for refactory hypoxemia, cardiogenic shock or septic shock. This study seeks to prove this hypothesis by conducting an observational retrospective/prospective study of patients in the ICU who underwent ECMO support and describe clinical features, severity of pulmonary dysfunction and risk factors of COVID-patients who need ECMO support, the incidence of ECMO use, ECMO technical characteristics, duration of ECMO, complications and outcomes of COVID-patients requiring ECMO support.

The study measures the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of linezolid in septic shock patients comparing with non-septic shock patients to confirm the impact of septic shock on PK/PD of linezolid.

Septic shock is responsible in 20% of cases of acute adrenal insufficiency and in 50% of cases of chronic 'slow' adrenal insufficiency. Given the unpredictable nature of the response to the ACTH stimulation test, it is recommended to systematically start steroid replacement therapy with hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (HCHS) in patients in septic shock who do not respond to fluid resuscitation and who continue to suffer from haemodynamic instability despite increasing doses of noradrenaline. The interest of this corticosteroid therapy lies in its ability to reduce the duration of treatment with catecholamines, though the results are conflicting with regard to an eventual benefit for mortality. Steroid replacement therapy may be deleterious. It may increase the risk of sepsis and secondary septic shock. It is also implicated in critical-illness polyneuropathy and blood glucose dysregulation. Today, there is no way to identify a population of patients who respond to corticosteroid therapy. From a pathophysiological viewpoint, HCHS, as well as its glucocorticoid effects, may also exert mineralocorticoid effects able to compensate for the impaired renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), which is responsible for the refractory aspects of septic shock. This hyperreninism-hypoaldosteronism is found with a prevalence of around 50% of cases and is defined by a plasma aldosterone/ plasma renin ratio < 2. It is associated with natriuresis >30 mmol/l. We hypothesise that natriuresis > 30 mmol/l will make it possible to identify patients who respond to steroid replacement therapy in terms of catecholamine use.

The purpose of this observational study is to determine whether endotoxin levels and/or their trends can be considered predictive of morbility or mortality in septic shock caused by gram-negative bacteria, searching also for a possible correlation with Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), White Blood Cells (WBC) and Platelets (PLT).