Active clinical trials for "Sleep Apnea Syndromes"

This is a novel approach to assess the use of ultrasound to support the identification of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on a screening questionnaire, and potentially to predict a difficult pediatric airway. The investigators hope to determine if a combination of simple bedside clinical tests can be used to identify OSAS in patients who present for surgery with clinical signs of OSAS but without a formal polysomnography.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a condition where the upper airway partially collapses and closes. This can lead to sleep problems including low oxygen levels, poor sleep, elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Results from having disrupted sleep may be excessive daytime sleepiness along with behavioral, functional, cardiovascular and cognitive dysfunction. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the most effective treatment for OSAHS. CPAP stabilizes the airway and prevents instability and collapse. Other forms of positive airway pressure that are approved for the treatment of OSAHS include automatically adjusting CPAP, Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP), and automatically adjusting BiPAP. Automatically adjusting CPAP (Auto CPAP) evaluates the airflow pattern and adjusts pressure to optimize airflow. AutoSV (Auto Servo Ventilation) is a mode of positive airway pressure used to treat obstructive and complex central sleep apnea. In the prior study, the investigators found that the Auto S7 device led to more positive ventilation outcomes. Specifically, there was prolongation of QTc interval (the calculated time from the Q wave to the end of the T wave) and a tendency for greater premature ventricular contractions. The mechanistic basis for this could be attributable to excessive ventilation and related pro-arrhythmic effects of hypocapnia, though the investigators had not performed measures (partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) to detect this. In the current study, the investigators would like to investigate the hypothesis that the S7 device leads to lower PaCO2 levels than other devices, and whether these effects are augmented in individuals with complex sleep apnea in the setting of systolic heart failure.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition where the patient's breathing cease during sleep due to collapse of the oro-pharynx. The consequences are reduced quality of sleep, increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease and increased risk of accidents caused by daytime sleepiness. Among Norwegians 30-65 yrs, the prevalence of OSA are estimated to 16%. The golden standard in OSA-treatment is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). This is effective and must be used for life. However, CPAP-treatment might be uncomfortable for the patient, with poor compliance as a result. An alternative is Mandibular Advancing Splints (MAS), which is perceived as less troublesome and may initiate higher compliance. Through mapping of patient characteristics, the researchers investigate which patient-type benefits most from two different treatment-devices. The aim of the study is to assess how the MAS treatment differ from the CPAP treatment in respect to efficacy, compliance and impact on health related quality of life among patient diagnosed with mild/moderate OSA. All OSA patients referred to the Ear- Nose- Throat-department (ENT) at University Hospital, Northern-Norway (UNN) and St.Olavs Hospital were invited to participate in the study. The sample size at completion of the study should be 140 patients. Participants in the trial were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups, and assessed after 4 and 12 months of treatment. Data were collected through anamnesis, clinical examination, clinical photos, radiographs and questionnaires concerning general health related quality of life (SF36), oral health, cognitive aspects (HADS), sleep quality (PSQI), daytime sleepiness (Epworth's Sleepiness scale) and compliance.

Myofunctional therapy has been shown to be effectively reduce symptoms of paediatric sleep apnea. As the effectiveness of reeducation relies on parental involvement and child's compliance, the investigator's research question was to evaluate two methods of myofunctional therapy (daily oral exercices versus a flexible oral appliance, both in combination with nasal hygiene), compared to nasal hygiene alone (control group).

This study will evaluate the impact on blood glucose of the use of an oral appliance to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. An oral appliance is similar to a sports mouth guard or an orthodontic retainer and is an alternative treatment to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for OSA. Oral appliance therapy has not been evaluated in patients with Type 2 diabetes with respect to glycemic outcomes. This will be a 1:1 randomized controlled trial: The experimental group will receive the oral appliance and the control group will receive a sham device over the course of approximately 5 months.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) coexisting with obstructive sleep apnea is called overlap syndrome (OS). Patients with OS seem to have worse prognosis than patients with only one disorder. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is an efficient treatment in obstructive sleep apnea, but the effectiveness in improving outcomes of OS patients is still not fully investigated. The aim of this non-randomized concurrent control trial is to evaluate noninvasive positive pressure ventilation's effectiveness in OS patients.

Earlier studies suggest that acoustical analysis of snoring sounds can identify obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The goal of the current study is to refine and validate algorithms for OSA diagnosis.

The majority of the elderly present with sleep apnea and mortality is significantly higher in this group. Sleep apnea runs the risk of developing diseases, especially hypertension and cardiovascular disease, while the Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced risk. No study evaluated the effect of the Mediterranean diet on the apnea and hypopnea index in the elderly. Therefore, the present work intends to evaluate the effect of the intervention with the Mediterranean diet on the apnea-hypopnea index in the elderly with moderate sleep apnea. The hypothesis study is that the elderly with moderately severe sleep apnea under a Mediterranean-type diet will modify AHI in the short term, regardless of weight change, due to changes in body volume and ingestion, especially those related to body water.

The oral appliances (OAs) are considered to be an effective treatment modality for snoring and various forms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). They facilitate the displacement of the mandible anteriorly and widen the upper airway during sleep. Lateral cephalometry has been used for the two-dimensional evaluation of upper airway form with several limits.The purpose of present study is to investigate an accurate three-dimensional (3D) volume analyses with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to confirm the effects of OAs on the upper airway in patients with OSAS.The investigators aim to enroll twenty-four patients with mild,moderate or severe OSAS, intolerant to continuous positive air pressure therapy and rejection a surgical approach,who will be treated with adjustable customized OAs and evaluated with CBCT and polysomnography. Upper airway form was examined and the volume was measured in two different areas. Specific planes have been considered to match the data and calculate the benefit obtained with therapy.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood condition causing long term health problems including pain and brain problems which affect quality of life. These may be made worse if patients have low night-time oxygen levels when the upper airways close repeatedly during the night (obstructive sleep apnoea). This is associated with increased pain, poorer concentration and increased kidney problems. Montelukast, widely used in the treatment of Asthma, has been shown to improve symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients without sickle cell anaemia. Investigators think this treatment could be useful in patients with sickle cell disease too. Early intervention with Montelukast could help prevent deterioration in concentration and thinking skills. The aim of this trial is to see whether young children with sickle cell disease randomised (randomise: the same as tossing a coin and not knowing whether it will come up heads or tails) to Montelukast treatment have better thinking skills compared with people randomised to placebo (tablet with no active medical ingredients - i.e. "sugar pill"). This means that the child could be on Montelukast treatment or he/she might be on placebo tablets.